Search results for "57"
showing 10 items of 4186 documents
Validation of a Psychosocial Chronic Stress Model in the Pig Using a Multidisciplinary Approach at the Gut-Brain and Behavior Levels
2019
Psychological chronic stress is an important risk factor for major depressive disorder, of which consequences have been widely studied in rodent models. This work aimed at describing a pig model of chronic stress based on social isolation, environmental impoverishment and unpredictability. Three groups of animals of both sexes were constituted. Two were exposed to the psychosocial stressors while receiving (SF, n = 12) or not (SC, n = 22) the antidepressant fluoxetine, and a third group (NSC, n = 22) remained unstressed. Animals were observed in home pens and during dedicated tests to assess resignation and anxiety-like behaviors. Brain structure and function were evaluated via proton MRS a…
Red Light Optogenetics in Neuroscience
2022
Optogenetics, a field concentrating on controlling cellular functions by means of light-activated proteins, has shown tremendous potential in neuroscience. It possesses superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to the surgical, electrical, and pharmacological methods traditionally used in studying brain function. A multitude of optogenetic tools for neuroscience have been created that, for example, enable the control of action potential generation via light-activated ion channels. Other optogenetic proteins have been used in the brain, for example, to control long-term potentiation or to ablate specific subtypes of neurons. In in vivo applications, however, the majority of optogenetic too…
Brain Modulation by Electric Currents in Fibromyalgia: A Structured Review on Non-invasive Approach With Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
2018
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a complex disorder where widespread musculoskeletal pain is associated with many heterogenous symptoms ranging from affective disturbances to cognitive dysfunction and central fatigue. FMS is currently underdiagnosed and often very poorly responsive to pharmacological treatment. Pathophysiology of the disease remains still obscure even if in the last years fine structural and functional cerebral abnormalities have been identified, principally by neurophysiological and imaging studies delineating disfunctions in pain perception, processing and control systems. On such basis, recently, neurostimulation of brain areas involved in mechanism of pain processing and …
Parietal Cortex Connectivity as a Marker of Shift in Spatial Attention Following Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation
2021
Non-invasive brain stimulation is a useful tool to probe brain function and provide therapeutic treatments in disease. When applied to the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of healthy participants, it is possible to temporarily shift spatial attention and mimic symptoms of spatial neglect. However, the field of brain stimulation is plagued by issues of high response variability. The aim of this study was to investigate baseline functional connectivity as a predictor of response to an inhibitory brain stimulation paradigm applied to the right PPC. In fourteen healthy adults (9 female, aged 24.8 ± 4.0 years) we applied continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to suppress activity in the …
Effects of tDCS on Bimanual Motor Skills: A Brief Review
2018
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that allows the modulation of cortical excitability as well as neuroplastic reorganization using a weak constant current applied through the skull on the cerebral cortex. TDCS has been found to improve motor performance in general and motor learning in particular. However, these effects have been reported almost exclusively for unimanual motor tasks such as serial reaction time tasks, adaptation tasks, or visuo-motor tracking. Despite the importance of bimanual actions in most activities of daily living, only few studies have investigated the effects of tDCS on bimanual motor skills. The objectives …
A review of acute aerobic exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation effects on cognitive functions and their potential synergies
2018
Today, several pharmaceutic and non-pharmaceutic approaches exist to treat psychiatric and neurological diseases. Because of the lack of treatment procedures that are medication free and without severe side effects, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) have been tested to explore the potential for initiating and modulating neuroplasticity in the human brain. Both tDCS and AE could support cognition and behavior in the clinical and non-clinical context to improve the recovery process within neurological or psychiatric conditions or to increase performance. As these techniques still lack meaningful effects, although they provide multiple beneficial opportun…
Estudio de metales pesados en suelos bajo cultivos hortícolas de la provincia de Castellón.
2005
La contaminación de los suelos por metales pesados es un problema ambiental que desde hace tiempo preocupa a los científicos, ya que desde el suelo los metales pueden ser transferidos a otras partes del ecosistema (p. ej. cultivos, aguas subterráneas,.) entrando en la cadena trófica. En este trabajo se estudian los metales pesados (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb y Zn) en suelos sobre los que se desarrollan cultivos hortícolas en la provincia de Castellón y se analiza la posible transferencia de los metales en el sistema suelo-planta. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se determinaron características edáficas, así como la concentración de metales pesados en los suelos (método USEPA 3051A y extr…
Introducción de la tecnología de transferencia génica en lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax)
2005
Este trabajo abarca distintos aspectos de la metodología de la transferenciagénica en lubina, tanto in vitro como in vivo. Por una parte, se ha centrado en el estudioy evaluación de la transferencia génica somática como posible sustitución a latransgénesis estable en distintas aplicaciones. Por otra parte, se ha evaluado el sistemade regulación por tetraciclina para la regulación exógena de genes en peces. Por último,se ha probado que una línea celular de lubina puede utilizarse como sistema deexpresión de genes exógenos.Por primera vez se demuestra que la inyección de DNA plasmídico es eficientepara transferir genes exógenos a músculo de lubina. Los factores que favorecen laexpresión son, …
Función de los proteasomas en la degradación intracelular de proteínas en células de mamífero.
2004
Las vías de degradación intracelular de proteínas, son numerosas y diferentes según la proteína, célula y situación metabólica. El proteasoma se considera una de las principales vías implicadas en estos procesos y esta Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en averiguar algunos aspectos, todavía poco claros, en relación con esta vía proteolítica. Investigamos la posible existencia de poblaciones de proteasomas, en diversas localizaciones celulares que difieran en su composición en subunidades. Encontrando que tanto en hígado de rata como en células cultivadas de mamífero los proteasomas se localizan sobre todo en el citosol, pero también en el núcleo y asociados a la cara externa de la membrana del …
Caracterización funcional dela enzima de la pared celular xiloglucano endotransglucosilasa.
2007
El objetivo general de este trabajo Tesis Doctoral se basó en la caracterización fisiológica, bioquímica y molecular de la enzima xiloglucano endotransglucosilasa/hidrolasa. Para ello, se utilizaron plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) de dos variedades y plantas transgénicas que tenían modificada la expresión de SlXTH1. De modo que estudiamos la participación de la XET en el crecimiento de plantas, elongación y expansión celular y su implicación en el crecimiento y ablandamiento de los frutos. Se evaluó el papel de las enzimas implicadas en el metabolismo de la pared celular de frutos durante la infección por un patógeno fúngico y en particular, de la XET. Además, estudiamos la posi…