Search results for "610 Medical sciences"

Viewing patterns regarding panoramic radiographs with different pathological lesions: an eye-tracking study.

2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how dental students vary their viewing patterns of panoramic radiographs during different levels of dental education. Methods: Two groups of students (total number = 48, n = 24) in different grades (second and fifth clinical semester) were compared. The second clinical semester participated twice, as during the second clinical semester a specific lecture on dental radiology and diagnosis is held. The first viewing took place at the beginning of the semester (2a), the second at the end of it (2e). The fifth semester (5e) represents students shortly before graduation. While viewing 20 panoramic radiographs showing specific pathologies, the eye m…

Luftverschmutzung als wichtiger Kofaktor bei COVID-19-Sterbefällen

2021

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Sterblichkeit bei COVID-19 ist in Anwesenheit kardiopulmonaler Komorbiditäten erhöht. Luftverschmutzung ist ebenfalls mit einer erhöhten Sterblichkeit assoziiert, v. a. vermittelt durch kardiopulmonale Erkrankungen. Beobachtungen zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie zeigten, dass die Sterblichkeit bei COVID-19 v. a. in Regionen mit stärkerer Luftverschmutzung erhöht ist. Ungeklärt ist der Einfluss von Luftverschmutzung für den Krankheitsverlauf bei COVID-19. Methode Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche von Studien bis Anfang April 2021 in PubMed zum Zusammenhang von Luftverschmutzung und der COVID-19-Mortalität mit den Suchbegriffen „air pollution AND/OR COV…

Veränderung des Schmeckvermögens bei Patienten mit Vestibularisschwannom

2014

Das Vestiularisschwannom ist ein gutartiger Tumor. Klinisch wird die Erkrankung durch die Kardinalsymptome einseitige Hörminderung, Tinnitus und Gleichgewichtsstörungen auffällig. Auf Grund der anatomischen Enge im Bereich des inneren Gehörganges kann es auch zu Affektionen des N.[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

Hepatitis B subviral envelope particles use the COPII machinery for intracellular transport via selective exploitation of Sec24A and Sec23B

2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver disease. Its success as a human pathogen is related to the immense production of subviral envelope particles (SVPs) contributing to viral persistence by interfering with immune functions. To explore cellular pathways involved in SVP formation and egress, we investigated host-pathogen interactions. Yeast-based proteomics revealed Sec24A, a component of the coat protein complex II (COPII), as an interaction partner of the HBV envelope S domain. To understand how HBV co-opts COPII as a proviral machinery, we studied roles of key Sec proteins in HBV-expressing liver cells. Silencing of Sar1, Sec23, and Sec24, which promote COPII assembly conco…

Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns?

2021

Background Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions. Methods We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model. Findings The experiment led to an increase in the …

Internet-based perioperative exercise program in patients with Barrett’s carcinoma scheduled for esophagectomy [iPEP - study] a prospective randomize…

2017

Abstract Background Patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer have a high risk for postoperative deterioration of lung function and pulmonary complications. This is partly due to one-lung ventilation during thoracotomy. This often accounts for prolonged stay on intensive care units, delayed postoperative reconvalescence and reduced quality of life. Socioeconomic disadvantages can result from these problems. Physical preconditioning has become a crucial leverage to optimize fitness and lung function in patients scheduled for esophagectomy, in particular during the time period of neoadjuvant therapy. Methods/Study design We designed a prospective multicenter randomized-controlled tria…

Comparison of subconjunctival microinvasive glaucoma surgery and trabeculectomy

2021

Purpose To assess surgical success and the post-operative development of intraocular pressure between XEN45® gelstent, Preserflo® MicroShunt and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Methods Data from 105 eyes from 105 patients of matched cases with refractory open-angle glaucoma, who underwent surgery between January 2019, and August 2020, were evaluated. Patients underwent either stand-alone XEN gelstent insertion with Mitomycin C, stand-alone Preserflo with Mitomycin C or trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C. The primary outcome was the proportion of complete surgical success at 6 months post-operatively (i.e. intraocular pressure between 5mmHg and 18mmHg, no revision surgery, no loss of light per…

2018

Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small DNA viruses that infect keratinocytes. After HPV binding to cell surface receptors, a cascade of molecular interactions mediates the infectious cellular internalization of virus particles. Aside from the virus itself, important molecular players involved in virus entry include the tetraspanin CD151 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). To date, it is unknown how these components are coordinated in space and time. Here, we studied plasma membrane dynamics of CD151 and EGFR and the HPV16 capsid during the early phase of infection. We find that the proteinase ADAM17 activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) pathway…

A role for Toll-like receptor mediated signals in neutrophils in the pathogenesis of the anti-phospholipid syndrome.

2012

The anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent thrombosis and occurrence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). aPL are necessary, but not sufficient for the clinical manifestations of APS. Growing evidence suggests a role of innate immune cells, in particular polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and Toll-like receptors (TLR) to be additionally involved. aPL activate endothelial cells and monocytes through a TLR4-dependent signalling pathway. Whether this is also relevant for PMN in a similar way is currently not known. To address this issue, we used purified PMN from healthy donors and stimulated them in the presence or absence of human monoclonal aPL and the TLR4 agonis…

Phase I metabolites (organic acids) of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid–validated quantification using GC–MS and description of endogenous concentration ran…

2020

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a sedative drug used in drug-facilitated crimes. Its detection window is very short. GHB undergoes intensive phase I metabolism to organic acids (glycolic acid, succinic acid, dihydroxybutyric acids). These could be potential analytical targets to broaden the detection window. The aim of the present study was to enable the detection of endogenous levels of these metabolites in biological samples (blood and urine). A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method using liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization with N-methyl-N-tri-methylsilyltrifluoracetamide was developed for the quantification. Validation results were consistent with international guideli…