Search results for "70"
showing 10 items of 9933 documents
A framework for data-driven adaptive GUI generation based on DICOM
2018
Computer applications for diagnostic medical imaging provide generally a wide range of tools to support physicians in their daily diagnosis activities. Unfortunately, some functionalities are specialized for specific diseases or imaging modalities, while other ones are useless for the images under investigation. Nevertheless, the corresponding Graphical User Interface (GUI) widgets are still present on the screen reducing the image visualization area. As a consequence, the physician may be affected by cognitive overload and visual stress causing a degradation of performances, mainly due to unuseful widgets. In clinical environments, a GUI must represent a sequence of steps for image investi…
Traits and risk factors of post-disaster infectious disease outbreaks: a systematic review.
2021
AbstractInfectious disease outbreaks are increasingly recognised as events that exacerbate impacts or prolong recovery following disasters. Yet, our understanding of the frequency, geography, characteristics and risk factors of post-disaster disease outbreaks globally is lacking. This limits the extent to which disease outbreak risks can be prepared for, monitored and responded to following disasters. Here, we conducted a global systematic review of post-disaster outbreaks and found that outbreaks linked to conflicts and hydrological events were most frequently reported, and most often caused by bacterial and water-borne agents. Lack of adequate WASH facilities and poor housing were commonl…
Measuring spectrally-resolved information transfer.
2020
Information transfer, measured by transfer entropy, is a key component of distributed computation. It is therefore important to understand the pattern of information transfer in order to unravel the distributed computational algorithms of a system. Since in many natural systems distributed computation is thought to rely on rhythmic processes a frequency resolved measure of information transfer is highly desirable. Here, we present a novel algorithm, and its efficient implementation, to identify separately frequencies sending and receiving information in a network. Our approach relies on the invertible maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) for the creation of surrogate data in t…
Functional characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from metastatic ER+/HER2− breast cancer reveals dependence on HER2 and FOXM1 for endocr…
2021
Simple Summary Acquired endocrine resistance and late recurrence in patients with ER+/HER2− breast cancer are complex and not fully understood. Here, we evaluated mechanisms of acquired resistance in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from an ER+/HER2− breast cancer patient who initially responded but later progressed under endocrine treatment. We found a switch from ERα-dependent to HER2-dependent and ERα-independent expression of FOXM1, which may enable disseminated ER+/HER2− cells to re-initiate tumor cell growth and metastasis formation in the presence of endocrine treatment. We found that NFkB signaling sustains HER2 and FOXM1 expression in CTCs in the presence of ERα inhibitors suggesting…
Death Receptor 5 Displayed on Extracellular Vesicles Decreases TRAIL Sensitivity of Colon Cancer Cells
2020
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered to be a promising antitumor drug because of its selective proapoptotic properties on tumor cells. However, the clinical application of TRAIL is until now limited because of the resistance of several cancer cells, which can occur at various levels in the TRAIL signaling pathway. The role of decoy receptors that can side-track TRAIL, thereby preventing the formation of an activated death receptor, has been extensively studied. In this study, we have focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are known to play a role in cell-to-cell communication and that can be released by donor cells into the medium transferring …
In Situ Representations and Access Consciousness in Neural Blackboard or Workspace Architectures
2018
Phenomenal theories of consciousness assert that consciousness is based on specific neural correlates in the brain, which can be separated from all cognitive functions we can perform. If so, the search for robot consciousness seems to be doomed. By contrast, theories of functional or access consciousness assert that consciousness can be studied only with forms of cognitive access, given by cognitive processes. Consequently, consciousness and cognitive access cannot be fully dissociated. Here, the global features of cognitive access of consciousness are discussed based on neural blackboard or (global) workspace architectures, combined with content addressable or "in situ" representations as …
The more the merrier? Scoring, statistics and animal welfare in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
2016
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a frequently used animal model for the investigation of autoimmune processes in the central nervous system. As such, EAE is useful for modelling certain aspects of multiple sclerosis, a human autoimmune disease that leads to demyelination and axonal destruction. It is an important tool for investigating pathobiology, identifying drug targets and testing drug candidates. Even though EAE is routinely used in many laboratories and is often part of the routine assessment of knockouts and transgenes, scoring of the disease course has not become standardized in the community, with at least 83 published scoring variants. Varying scales with diffe…
Recent Progress and Recommendations on Celiac Disease From the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity
2020
Celiac disease (CD) affects a growing number of individuals worldwide. To elucidate the causes for this increase, future multidisciplinary collaboration is key to understanding the interactions between immunoreactive components in gluten-containing cereals and the human gastrointestinal tract and immune system and to devise strategies for CD prevention and treatment beyond the gluten-free diet. During the last meetings, the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity (Prolamin Working Group, PWG) discussed recent progress in the field together with key stakeholders from celiac disease societies, academia, industry and regulatory bodies. Based on the current state of knowledge, this pers…
ATR expands embryonic stem cell fate potential in response to replication stress
2020
Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro FIRC 18112 Sina Atashpaz.Fondazione Umberto Veronesi Sina Atashpaz Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro AIRC 5xmille METAMECH program Vincenzo Costanzo Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Foundation Vincenzo Costanzo European Research Council Consolidator grant 614541 Vincenzo Costanzo Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Fellowship 23961 Negar ArghavanifarDanish Cancer Society KBVU-2014 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras Danish Council for Independent Research Sapere Aude, DFF Starting Grant 2014 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras European Research Council ERC-2015-STG-679068 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras Danish National Research Foundatio…
Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (RANK) and Clinicopathological Variables in Endometrial Cancer: A Study at Protein and Gene Level
2018
The system integrated by the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and its ligand, RANKL, modulates the role of hormones in the genesis and progression of breast tumors. We investigated whether the expression of RANK was related with clinicopathological features of primary endometrial tumors. Immunohistochemistry was used in an endometrial cancer tissue array containing samples from 36 tumors. The amount of RANK mRNA was examined in a tissue scan cDNA array containing cDNA from 40 tumors. Normal endometrium was examined for comparison. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that RANK expression was higher in malignant than in normal endometrium (p <