Search results for "84"
showing 10 items of 590 documents
The Effects of Intensive Weight Reduction on Body Composition and Serum Hormones in Female Fitness Competitors.
2017
Worries about the potential negative consequences of popular fat loss regimens for aesthetic purposes in normal weight females have been surfacing in the media. However, longitudinal studies investigating these kinds of diets are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 4-month fat-loss diet in normal weight females competing in fitness-sport. In total 50 participants finished the study with 27 females (27.2 +/- 4.1 years) dieting for a competition and 23 (27.7 +/- 3.7 years) acting as weight-stable controls. The energy deficit of the diet group was achieved by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing aerobic exercise while maintaining a high level of…
Aging and systemic hormonal status affects the circulating miR-21, miR-146a and FasL levels
2015
MicroRNAs are small molecules, found in all cell types and body fluids, which most commonly affect negatively to gene expressions by translational repression. Their role in various physiological conditions and diseases has been emphasized during the last twenty years. In our recent studies with postmenopausal monozygotic twin sisters (n=11), we have investigated how different systemic hormonal status affects the levels of specific circulating microRNAs and other molecules related to inflammation and apoptosis, both processes associated with aging. Our results have shown that the systemic levels of miR-21, miR-146a and Fas ligand are lower within the postmenopausal women who are using estrog…
Physical activity responsive miRNAs – Potential mediators of training responses in human skeletal muscle?
2013
1. The basics of miRNA-mediated regulation The plasticity of skeletal muscle is of utmost importance for responding to and coping with environmental demands that emerge from changes in physical activity patterns, nourishment, hormonal status, and health. As is well known, a sedentary lifestyle, aging, immobilization, and chronic diseases are associated with reduced muscle mass and function, while regular exercise improves muscle function and reduces the rate of decrement throughout life. 1 However, we do not have a complete understanding of the molecular factors controlling skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise stimuli. Recently identified microRNA molecules (miRNAs) have rapidly gained at…
Projecting the spread of COVID-19 for Germany
2020
We model the evolution of the number of individuals that are reported to be sick with COVID-19 in Germany. Our theoretical framework builds on a continuous time Markov chain with four states: healthy without infection, sick, healthy after recovery or after infection but without symptoms and dead. Our quantitative solution matches the number of sick individuals up to the most recent observation and ends with a share of sick individuals following from infection rates and sickness probabilities. We employ this framework to study inter alia the expected peak of the number of sick individuals in a scenario without public regulation of social contacts. We also study the effects of public regulati…
Muscle Free Fatty-Acid Uptake Associates to Mechanical Efficiency During Exercise in Humans
2018
Intrinsic factors related to muscle metabolism may explain the differences in mechanical efficiency (ME) during exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between muscle metabolism and ME. Totally 17 healthy recreationally active male participants were recruited and divided into efficient (EF; n = 8) and inefficient (IE; n = 9) groups, which were matched for age (mean ± SD 24 ± 2 vs. 23 ± 2 years), BMI (23 ± 1 vs. 23 ± 2 kg m−2), physical activity levels (3.4 ± 1.0 vs. 4.1 ± 1.0 sessions/week), and V˙O2peak (53 ± 3 vs. 52 ± 3 mL kg−1 min−1), respectively, but differed for ME at 45% of V˙O2peak intensity during submaximal bicycle ergometer test (EF 20.5 ± 3.5 vs. I…
The incidence of hip fractures in Norway –accuracy of the national Norwegian patient registry
2014
Background Hip fractures incur the greatest medical costs of any fracture. Valid epidemiological data are important to monitor for time-dependent changes. In Norway, hip fractures are registered in the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR), but no published national validation exists. The aim of the present study was a national validation of NPR as a register for hip fractures using diagnostic codes (ICD-10 S 72.0-2) and/or procedure codes (NOMESCO version 1.14 NFBxy (x = 0-9, y = 0-2) or NFJxy (x = 0-9, y = 0-2). Method A nationwide, population-based cohort comprising a random sub-sample of 1,000 hip fracture-related entries for the years 2008–09 was drawn from the NPR. 200 entries were defined…
Endothelial Bmx tyrosine kinase activity is essential for myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling
2015
Cardiac hypertrophy accompanies many forms of heart disease, including ischemic disease, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular disease, and it is a strong predictor of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Deletion of bone marrow kinase in chromosome X (Bmx), an arterial nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, has been shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy in mice. This finding raised the possibility of therapeutic use of Bmx tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which we have addressed here by analyzing cardiac hypertrophy in gene-targeted mice deficient in Bmx tyrosine kinase activity. We found that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy is significantly reduced in mice deficient i…
Tobacco smoking and risk of endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2014
Objective Since conflicting results have been published on the role of tobacco smoking on the risk of endometriosis, we provide an up-to-date summary quantification of this potential association. Design We performed a PubMed/MEDLINE search of the relevant publications up to September 2014, considering studies on humans published in English. We searched the reference list of the identified papers to find other relevant publications. Case–control as well as cohort studies have been included reporting risk estimates on the association between tobacco smoking and endometriosis. 38 of the 1758 screened papers met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies included a total of 13 129 women diagn…
Hormone Replacement Therapy Associated White Blood Cell DNA Methylation and Gene Expression are Associated With Within-Pair Differences of Body Adipo…
2015
The loss of estrogen during menopause causes changes in the female body, with wide-ranging effects on health. Estrogen-containing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) leads to a relief of typical menopausal symptoms, benefits bone and muscle health, and is associated with tissue-specific gene expression profiles. As gene expression is controlled by epigenetic factors (including DNA methylation), many of which are environmentally sensitive, it is plausible that at least part of the HRT-associated gene expression is due to changes in DNA methylation profile. We investigated genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of white blood cells (WBCs) and their associations with body compo…