Search results for "ACC"

Rooting and acclimatization of micropropagatedHypericum perforatumL. native to Sicily

2017

Hypericum perforatum L. is traditionally used as a medicinal plant because of its different bioactive compounds with documented antidepressant and antiinflammatory activities. Plantlets’ mass production with high content of these secondary metabolites has been enhanced through in vitro culture but the process has often been stopped at the multiplication phase. A study was conducted in order to set up an efficient in vitro rooting and acclimatization protocol of a H. perforatum Sicilian genotype well-adapted to south Mediterranean conditions. Aseptic nodal segments were cultured onto a Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 4.44 µM 6-benzyladenine for multiplication. Microsh…

The chaperone-like protein Cdc48 regulates ubiquitin-proteasome system in plants.

2021

The degradation of misfolded proteins is mainly mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). UPS can be assisted by the protein Cdc48 but the relationship between UPS and Cdc48 in plants has been poorly investigated. Here, we analyzed the regulation of UPS by Cdc48 in tobacco thanks to two independent cell lines overexpressing Cdc48 constitutively and plant leaves overexpressing Cdc48 transiently. In the cell lines, the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins was affected both quantitatively and qualitatively and the amount of proteasomal subunits was modified, while proteolytic activities were unchanged. Similarly, the over-expression of Cdc48 in planta impacted the accumulation of ub…

Sugiyamaella mastotermitis sp. nov. and Papiliotrema odontotermitis f.a., sp. nov. from the gut of the termites Mastotermes darwiniensis and Odontote…

2016

Two novel yeast species were isolated from the guts of two different termite species. A new member of the genus Sugiyamaella was isolated from the hindgut and nest material of the lower Australian termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. The second novel yeast species, isolated from the higher termite Odontotermes obesus, was identified as a member of the genus Papiliotrema. Both yeast species were able to hydrolyse xylan, methylumbelliferyl β-xylobiose and methylumbelliferyl β-xylotriose. The ability to debranch different hemicellulose side chains and growth without the addition of external vitamins was observed. A symbiotic role of the novel yeast species is indicated, especially in respect to x…

Laccases of Botrytis cinerea

2017

Phenolic compounds significantly affect the color, odor and taste of wine. Due to their presumptive beneficial impact on human health, polyphenols in red wine have gained increasing public and scientific interest. Wine phenols are extremely sensitive to oxygen and are easily converted to brownish oxidation products accompanied by loss of nutritive values of the wine. Enzymatic oxidation takes place under the influence of polyphenoloxidases including tyrosinases and laccases. The latter are produced by the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea and enter the must with contaminated berries. Although uncontrolled action of Botrytis-laccase has a dramatic impact on wine quality, the oxidative …

Allograft Inflammatory Factor AIF-1: early immune response in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

2020

Echinoderms are a phylum of deuterostomic invertebrates that play a key role in maintaining the biodiversity of marine ecosystems. They represent a good study model for immunity because their coelomic fluid contains different types of cells involved in the inflammatory response: the coelomocytes. In the case of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the coelomocyte population is mainly represented by amoebocytes and uncoloured spherulocytes that implement a defence program through phagocytosis, encapsulation, cytotoxicity, and production of antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to find evidence of a possible modulating effect of lipopolysaccharide LPS on the expression of the A…

Direct and correlated responses to bi-directional selection on pre-adult development time in Drosophila montana.

2019

Selection experiments offer an efficient way to study the evolvability of traits that play an important role in insects’ reproduction and/or survival and to trace correlations and trade-offs between them. We have exercised bi-directional selection on Drosophila montana flies’ pre-adult development time under constant light and temperature conditions for 10 generations and traced the indirect effects of this selection on females’ diapause induction under different day lengths, as well as on the body weight and cold tolerance of both sexes. Overall, selection was successful towards slow, but not towards fast development. However, all fast selection line replicates showed at the end of selecti…

A genomic map of climate adaptation in Mediterranean cattle breeds

2019

International audience; Domestic species such as cattle (Bos taurus taurus and B. t. indicus) represent attractive biological models to characterize the genetic basis of short term evolutionary response to climate pressure induced by their post-domestication history. Here, using newly generated dense SNP genotyping data, we assessed the structuring of genetic diversity of 21 autochtonous cattle breeds from the whole Mediterranean basin and performed genome-wide association analyses with covariables discriminating the different Mediterranean climate sub-types. This provided insights into both the demographic and adaptive histories of Mediterranean cattle. In particular, a detailed functional…

2016

Cold acclimation is a critical physiological adaptation for coping with seasonal cold. By increasing their cold tolerance individuals can remain active for longer at the onset of winter and can recover more quickly from a cold shock. In insects, despite many physiological studies, little is known about the genetic basis of cold acclimation. Recently, transcriptomic analyses in Drosophila virilis and D. montana revealed candidate genes for cold acclimation by identifying genes upregulated during exposure to cold. Here, we test the role of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Inos), in cold tolerance in D. montana using an RNAi approach. D. montana has a circumpolar distribution and overwinters…

Evolutionary diversification of type-2 HDAC structure, function and regulation in Nicotiana tabacum

2018

Ministère de l'Education Nationale et de la Recherche ; Conseil Régional de Bourgogne (PARI AGRALE8) ; Association pour la Recherche sur les Nicotianacées ; Conseil Régional de Bourgogne; International audience; Type-2 HDACs (HD2s) are plant-specific histone deacetylases that play diverse roles during development and in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study we characterized the six tobacco genes encoding HD2s that mainly differ by the presence or the absence of a typical zinc finger in their C-terminal part. Of particular interest, these HD2 genes exhibit a highly conserved intron/exon structure. We then further investigated the phylogenetic relationships among the HD2 gen…

How ants acclimate: Impact of climatic conditions on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile

2017

1.Organisms from temperate zones are exposed to seasonal changes and must be able to cope with a wide range of climatic conditions. Especially ectotherms, including insects, are at risk to desiccate under dry and warm conditions, the more so given the changing climate. 2.To adjust to current conditions, organisms acclimate through changes in physiology, morphology and/or behaviour. Insects protect themselves against desiccation through a layer of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) on their body surface. Hence, acclimation may also affect the CHC profile, changing their waterproofing capacity under different climatic conditions. 3.Here, we investigated the acclimation response of two Temnothorax a…