Search results for "ACTIVATION"
showing 10 items of 2079 documents
Activation of T‐Lymphocytes by LDL‐Cholesterol
2008
Native LDL-cholesterol can be mechanically stressed by strong vortexing. According to one hypothesis, mechanical shear stress within the vessel can lead to an aggregation of LDL-cholesterol and subsequently to activation of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes. The goal of this study was to determine the proportion of activated CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes that is induced by adding unstressed and mechanically stressed LDL-cholesterol to whole blood samples. Whole blood was taken from 12 healthy subjects. All probands fasted for at least 12 h before blood withdrawal. In each case, 1 ml of whole blood from each subject was incubated for 16 h at 32 degrees C (89.3 degrees F) with concanavalin A (A), without…
Effects of leflunomide (HWA 486) on expression of lymphocyte activation markers
1993
Leflunomide (HWA 486), an isoxazol derivative, has been shown to be very effective in combating autoimmune diseases and transplantation rejection in a great number of animal models. The main metabolite of leflunomide, A77 1726, is a potent antiproliferative compound. To further elucidate this effect, lymphocytes of healthy human donors were cultured for 24, 48 or 72 h in the presence of PHA or immobilized anti-CD3 antibody. A77 1726 was added at concentrations between 10 and 100 microM. Flow cytometric evaluation of early activation or proliferation markers (IL-2 and transferrin receptors, respectively) showed that their expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by A77 1726. Toget…
Analysis of T-Lymphocyte Subsets After Phytohemagglutinin Stimulation in Normal and Type 1 Diabetic Mothers and Their Infants
1992
Our aim was to investigate the immunological status of diabetic pregnancy, which is an overlap of diabetic immunity abnormalities and the immunological modifications normally occurring during pregnancy. METHOD: We studied lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphokine production, after 96 h of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, from normal and Type I diabetic pregnant women at delivery time and from the respective cord blood. RESULTS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both normal and Type I diabetic mothers showed an increase in CD8+ and a decrease in CD4+ cells compared to the respective cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC). Moreover, Type I PBMC showed a lower number of “activate…
Activation-Induced Rigidity in Neurologically and Cognitively Healthy Individuals Aged 18-90 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study.
2021
Background: Rigidity is a key clinical feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but in a very early phase of the disease it may be absent and can be enhanced through active movements of the arm contralateral to the one being tested. Objective: To evaluate in a large cohort of neurologically and cognitively healthy (NCH) subjects aged 18–90 years if activation-induced rigidity (AR) is present in all age classes, and if there are biological differences between subjects showing AR (AR+) and not showing AR (AR-). Methods: 2,228 NCH subjects categorized as young adult (18–44 years), adult (45–64 years), elderly (65–74 years), and old/oldest-old (75–90 years) were included in the analysis, and underw…
The role of regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets in gestational diabetes mellitus.
2014
Physiological changes during normal pregnancy are characterized by an inflammatory immune response and insulin resistance. Therefore, we hypothesize that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be caused by an inappropriate adaption of the maternal immune system to pregnancy. In this study we examined the role of regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation for the development of GDM during pregnancy. We used six-colour flow cytometric analysis to demonstrate that the total CD4(+) CD127(low+/-) CD25(+) forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3(+)) T(reg) pool consists of four different T(reg) subsets: naive CD45RA(+) T(regs), HLA-DR(-) CD45RA(-) memory T(regs) (DR(-) T(regs)) and the highly differentiated …
IL-15 in human visceral leishmaniasis caused byLeishmania infantum
2002
SummaryInterleukin (IL)-15 is a recently discovered cytokine with the ability to stimulate the proliferation activity of Th1 and/or Th2 lymphocytes. Here, we investigated the involvement of IL-15 in the immune response to Leishmania infantum infection by studying patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We found that IL-15 is produced by leishmanial antigen (LAg)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from active VL patients at a significantly higher level than those produced by cells from healed VL subjects or healthy controls. A significant increase in IL-15 serum blood levels was also observed in acute VL patients compared with healed ones. Furthermore, recombinant IL-15 …
Increased level of H-ferritin and its imbalance with L-ferritin, in bone marrow and liver of patients with adult onset Still's disease, developing ma…
2015
In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the levels of ferritin enriched in H subunits (H-ferritin) and ferritin enriched in L subunits (L-ferritin) and the cells expressing these 2 molecules, in the bone marrow (BM) and liver biopsies obtained from adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) patients who developed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and correlating these data with the severity of the disease. Twenty-one patients with MAS-associated AOSD underwent BM biopsy and among them, 9 patients with hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzymes underwent liver biopsy. All the samples were stained by both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. A statistical analysis was performed to estimate the p…
Reactivation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of industrial shipboard slop wastewater: Effects of long-term storage on granules structure…
2021
Abstract This work reports on reactivation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for the treatment of industrial recalcitrant wastewater (slop wastewater) characterized by high salinity and hydrocarbons. AGS were reactivated in two reactors, R1 and R2, to treat industrial slop wastewater after a long-term storage for 12-months at 4 °C. In R1, salt-adapted mature aerobic granules were previously subjected to a step-wise increase of hydrocarbons, whereas in R2 aerobic granules were previously cultivated in presence of salinity and hydrocarbons. After a short-term reactivation period, the slop dosage caused a simultaneous decrease of granules dimensions and proteins/polysaccharides (PN/PS) ratio do…
The effect of ageing and physical activity level on muscle fatigue during isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles
2013
Nahar, Nazmun 2013. Effect of ageing and physical activity level on muscle fatigue during isometric contraction of knee extensor muscles. Master’s theses in Biomechanics. Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Muscle fatigue is defined as the loss of force or power producing capacity in response to contractile activity and is a fundamental characteristic of skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to identify whether time to failure remains same or increases in elderly people compared with young people. Another aim was to identify time to failure is same or less in active old people compared with inactive old people. One hundred and ten subjects were…
Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Therapies
2020
The progression of Alzheimer's dementia is associated with neurovasculature impairment, which includes inflammation, microthromboses, and reduced cerebral blood flow. Here, we investigate the effects of β amyloid peptides on the function of platelets, the cells driving haemostasis. Amyloid peptide β1-42 (Aβ1-42), Aβ1-40, and Aβ25-35 were tested in static adhesion experiments, and it was found that platelets preferentially adhere to Aβ1-42 compared to other Aβ peptides. In addition, significant platelet spreading was observed over Aβ1-42, while Aβ1-40, Aβ25-35, and the scAβ1-42 control did not seem to induce any platelet spreading, which suggested that only Aβ1-42 activates platelet signalli…