Search results for "ADULT"
showing 10 items of 17453 documents
Twenty-year trends in the prevalence of Down syndrome and other trisomies in Europe : impact of maternal age and prenatal screening
2013
This study examines trends and geographical differences in total and live birth prevalence of trisomies 21, 18 and 13 with regard to increasing maternal age and prenatal diagnosis in Europe. Twenty-one population-based EUROCAT registries covering 6.1 million births between 1990 and 2009 participated. Trisomy cases included live births, fetal deaths from 20 weeks gestational age and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly. We present correction to 20 weeks gestational age (ie, correcting early terminations for the probability of fetal survival to 20 weeks) to allow for artefactual screening-related differences in total prevalence. Poisson regression was used. The proportion of births in …
Acceptance of truck platooning by professional drivers on German highways. A mixed methods approach.
2020
Abstract Truck platoon driving is a current branch of automated driving, which has the potential to radically change the work routine of professional drivers. In a platoon system, one truck (semi-)automatically follows a lead truck with a reduced distance, which produces significant savings in fuel and enables better traffic flow. In a current application of truck platoon driving, the following vehicle operates at level-2 automation. Thus, the driver of the following truck merely has to supervise the semi-automated system, which takes over steering and speed control when engaged. Level-2 truck platoon driving had not been tested with professional drivers in real traffic before. We hypothesi…
Increase in rear-end collision risk by acute stress-induced fatigue in on-road truck driving.
2021
Increasing road crashes related to occupational drivers’ deteriorating health has become a social problem. To prevent road crashes, warnings and predictions of increased crash risk based on drivers’ conditions are important. However, in on-road driving, the relationship between drivers’ physiological condition and crash risk remains unclear due to difficulties in the simultaneous measurement of both. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between drivers’ physiological condition assessed by autonomic nerve function (ANF) and an indicator of rear-end collision risk in on-road driving. Data from 20 male truck drivers (mean ± SD, 49.0±8.2 years; range, 35–63 years) were analyzed. Over …
Are long-haul truck drivers unusually alert? A comparison with long-haul airline pilots.
2020
Abstract Background Recent studies suggest heavy vehicle drivers self-estimate their sleepiness unexpectedly low during night duties. The present study compared sleepiness ratings of long-haul truck drivers with those of long-haul airline pilots during night and non-night duties. In addition, the correspondence between self-rated manifest and predicted latent sleepiness was examined in the two groups. Methods Twenty-two drivers and 33 pilots participated. Their working hours, sleep, on-duty sleepiness, and use of sleepiness countermeasures were measured in naturalistic conditions. Predictions of latent sleepiness were based on the measurements of working hours and sleep using the Sleep/Wake…
Multivariate optimization of the hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction of muscimol in human urine samples.
2016
Abstract A liquid phase microextraction based on hollow fibre followed by liquid chromatographic determination was developed for the extraction and quantitation of the hallucinogenic muscimol from urine samples. Method applicability on polar hallucinogens was also tested on two alkaloids, a psychedelic hallucinogen, tryptamine and a polar amino acid, tryptophan which exists in its charged state in the entire pH range. A multivariate design of experiments was used in which a half fractional factorial approach was applied to screen six factors (donor phase pH, acceptor phase HCl concentration, carrier composition, stirring rate, extraction time and salt content) for their extent of vitality i…
An Analysis of “No Effect of Insulin Pen with Memory Function on Glycemic Control in a Patient Cohort with Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes: A Rando…
2012
Missing meal bolus and nonadherence is an important barrier to achieving glycemic goals in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Danne and coauthors reported the results of a 24-week randomized-controlled study designed to evaluate if using an insulin pen with memory function, the HumaPen® Memoir™, might improve injection compliance and, therefore, overall glycemic control in T1DM. Patients treated with the pen device with memory function improved, albeit nonsignificantly, their mean HbA1c by 0.43%. Among the reasons to justify why this study was not positive, the most important is the high proportion of adult patients included in the study (87…
Male perpetrators of intimate partner violence against women: A Spanish typology
2020
Typological approaches in research of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) have been discussed on the basis of their validity and applicability in professional practice; yet most of the published studies on offender typologies are limited due to the use of relatively small, non-representative samples. The current study explored typologies of IPVAW perpetrators in a large-scale representative Spanish sample ( n = 9,731 cases extracted from the Comprehensive Monitoring System of Gender-Based Violence Cases; VioGén System), according to classic batterer typologies proposed by Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) . To this end, the risk factors measured by the most extended Spanish p…
Predictors of early dropout in treatment for gambling disorder: The role of personality disorders and clinical syndromes
2017
Several treatment options for gambling disorder (GD) have been tested in recent years; however dropout levels still remain high. This study aims to evaluate whether the presence of psychiatric comorbidities predicts treatment outcome according to Millon's evolutionary theory, following a six-month therapy for GD. The role of severity, duration of the disorder, typology of gambling (mainly online or offline) and pharmacological treatment were also analysed. The recruitment included 194 pathological gamblers (PGs) to be compared with 78 healthy controls (HCs). Psychological assessment included the South Oaks Gambling Screen and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. The "treatment fail…
Communicator styles of hospital patients during nurse-patient counseling.
2002
Abstract This article describes nurse–patient communication during counseling sessions. It focuses on the patient as a participant in a discussion and aims at a description of patients’ communicator styles, which were observed on videotape based on 38 counseling sessions transcribed word by word. Interviews of the participating nurses and patients were used for partial support of the interpretations. The analytic method chosen was typology, and it has been used for achieving a multifaceted qualitative description of patient communication. The research material yielded seven types of communicator styles: Quietly Assenting, Emotionally Expressive, Storyteller, Stoic Observer, Inquisitive of D…
The association between appendicitis severity and patient age with appendiceal neoplasm histology—a population-based study
2022
Abstract Purpose Recent studies have reported alarming appendiceal tumor rates associated with complicated acute appendicitis, especially in patients presenting with a periappendicular abscess. However, the data on histology of appendiceal tumors among acute appendicitis patients is limited, especially in patient cohorts differentiating between uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis. We have previously reported the association of increased appendiceal tumor prevalence with complicated acute appendicitis in this population-based study. The objective of this secondary analysis was to evaluate the association of both appendicitis severity and patient age with appendiceal tumor histol…