Search results for "AFFECT"

Automatic Assessment of Depression Based on Visual Cues: A Systematic Review

2019

International audience; Automatic depression assessment based on visual cues is a rapidly growing research domain. The present exhaustive review of existing approaches as reported in over sixty publications during the last ten years focuses on image processing and machine learning algorithms. Visual manifestations of depression, various procedures used for data collection, and existing datasets are summarized. The review outlines methods and algorithms for visual feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, decision methods for classification and regression approaches, as well as different fusion strategies. A quantitative meta-analysis of reported results, relying on performance metrics r…

2015

AbstractThe genetic conflict between parents and their offspring is a cornerstone of kin selection theory and the gene-centred view of evolution, but whether it actually occurs in natural systems remains an open question. Conflict operates only if parenting is driven by genetic trade-offs between offspring performance and the parent’s ability to raise additional offspring, and its expression critically depends on the shape of these trade-offs. Here we investigate the occurrence and nature of genetic conflict in an insect with maternal care, the earwig Forficula auricularia. Specifically, we test for a direct response to experimental selection on female future reproduction and correlated res…

Identidad deportiva en adolescentes españoles: propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de la escala Athletic Identity Measurement Scale-E

2016

ResumenEste estudio pretende determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Athletic Identity Measurement Scale en su versión traducida al español y la identidad deportiva (ID) de una muestra de adolescentes españoles. El cuestionario se administró a 441 adolescentes de 12-18 años, clasificados en: adolescentes del Programa de Especialización Deportiva (PED), adolescentes no-PED activos y adolescentes no-PED inactivos. El análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló una estructura jerárquica y multidimensional de tres factores de primer orden (identidad social, exclusividad y afectividad negativa) y uno de segundo orden, la ID. Los resultados apoyan la adecuación de los ítems en sus respectivas …

Prenatal Ultrasound Screening: False Positive Soft Markers May Alter Maternal Representations and Mother-Infant Interaction

2012

Background In up to 5% of pregnancies, ultrasound screening detects a “soft marker” (SM) that places the foetus at risk for a severe abnormality. In most cases, prenatal diagnostic work-up rules out a severe defect. We aimed to study the effects of false positive SM on maternal emotional status, maternal representations of the infant, and mother-infant interaction. Methodology and Principal Findings Utilizing an extreme-case prospective case control design, we selected from a group of 244 women undergoing ultrasound, 19 pregnant women whose foetus had a positive SM screening and a reassuring diagnostic work up, and 19 controls without SM matched for age and education. In the third trimester…

Individual differences in granularity of the affective responses to music

2013

The main focus of the paper is the role of listeners’ emotion-relevant characteristics and musical expertise in the granularity of affective responses to music. Another objective of the study is to test the consistency of the granularity of affect that is perceived in music and/or experienced in response to it. In Experiment 1, 91 musicians and nonmusicians listened to musical excerpts and grouped them according to the similarity of the affects they experienced while listening. Finer grouping granularity was found in musicians and high rumination scorers. Male musicians with above-median scores in rumination produced a larger number of clusters than the other male participants. Experiment 2…

Trait empathy modulates music-related functional connectivity

2021

It has been well established through behavioural studies that empathy significantly influences music perception. Such individual differences typically manifest as variability in whole brain functional connectivity patterns. To date, nobody has examined the modulatory effect of empathy on functional connectivity patterns during continuous music listening. In the present study, we seek to investigate the global and local connectivity patterns of 36 participants whose fMRI scanning was done by employing the naturalistic paradigm wherein they listened to a continuous piece of music. We used graph-based measures of functional connectivity to identify how cognitive and affective components of emp…

Differential Effects of Trait Empathy on Functional Network Centrality

2020

Previous research has shown that empathy, a fundamental component of human social functioning, is engaged when listening to music. Neuroimaging studies of empathy processing in music have, however, been limited. fMRI analysis methods based on graph theory have recently gained popularity as they are capable of illustrating global patterns of functional connectivity, which could be very useful in studying complex traits such as empathy. The current study examines the role of trait empathy, including cognitive and affective facets, on whole-brain functional network centrality in 36 participants listening to music in a naturalistic setting. Voxel-wise eigenvector centrality mapping was calculat…

Relationships between perceived emotions in music and music-induced movement

2012

Listening to music makes us move in various ways. Several factors can affect the characteristics of these movements, including individual factors and musical features. Additionally, music-induced movement may also be shaped by the emotional content of the music, since emotions are an important element of musical expression. This study investigates possible relationships between emotional characteristics of music and music-induced, quasi-spontaneous movement. We recorded music-induced movement of 60 individuals, and computationally extracted features from the movement data. Additionally, the emotional content of the stimuli was assessed in a perceptual experiment. A subsequent correlational …

L’enseignement en prison : de l’alternative méconnue à un choix stratégique

2023

L’existence de l’enseignement dans les prisons françaises est assez méconnue. Pourtant, elle résulte d’une convention entre l’Education Nationale et le Ministère de la Justice datant du 19 Janvier 1995. Dans les établissements carcéraux du territoire, cette collaboration a permis l’organisation complexe et la régulation de l’enseignement, envisagé comme droit inaliénable de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’Homme : « toute personne a droit à l’éducation » (article 26.1).L’enseignement en prison peut sembler être une situation peu enviable pour les professionnels. Pourtant, les enseignants qui en font l’expérience y trouvent des gratifications, d’autant plus que le métier d’enseigna…

Productivity increases with variation in aggression among group members in Temnothorax ants

2011

Social insect societies are characterized not only by a reproductive division of labor between the queen and workers but also by a specialization of workers on different tasks. However, how this variation in behavior or morphology among workers influences colony fitness is largely unknown. We investigated in the ant Temnothorax longispinosus whether aggressive and exploratory behavior and/or variation among nest mates in these behavioral traits are associated with an important fitness measure, that is, per worker offspring production. In addition, we studied how body size and variation in size among workers affect this colony fitness correlate. First, we found strong differences in worker b…