Search results for "AGE DISTRIBUTION"
showing 10 items of 215 documents
Mutational analysis of 105 mucopolysaccharidosis type VI patients
2007
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI; Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B, ARSB) gene. ARSB is a lysosomal enzyme involved in the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) dermatan and chondroitin sulfate. ARSB mutations reduce enzyme function and GAG degradation, causing lysosomal storage and urinary excretion of these partially degraded substrates. Disease onset and rate of progression is variable, producing a spectrum of clinical presentation. In this study, 105 MPS VI patients—representing about 10% of the world MPS VI population—were studied for molecular genetic and biochemical parame…
Retinoblastoma epidemiology: Does the evidence matter?
2007
It has been proposed that retinoblastoma is 'caused' by two sequential mutations affecting the RB1 gene, but this is a rather outdated view of cancer aetiology that does not take into account a large amount of new acquisitions such as chromosomal and epigenetic alterations. Retinoblastoma remains probably the only cancer in which the rather simplistic 'two hit' mutational model is still considered of value, although cancer is known to be associated with genomic and microsatellite instability, defects of the DNA mismatch repair system, alterations of DNA methylation and hystone acethylation/deacethylation, and aneuploidy. Moreover, as it is shown herein, the predictions made by the 'two hit'…
Population attributable risk for ovarian cancer
2000
Parity, oral contraceptive (OC) use, age at menopause, a family history of the disease and selected aspects of diet have been related to the risk of ovarian cancer. The quantification of their impact on a population level may help focus and rank the importance of potential prevention strategies. Using data from a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1983 and 1991 on 971 ovarian cancer cases and 2758 control women we computed the multivariate relative risk estimates, and population attributable risks (PARs), i.e. the proportion of ovarian cancers that would have been avoided if a given exposure had not been present in the population. Overall, the PARs were 5% for nulliparity, 12% fo…
Carotid artery intima-media thickness: normal and percentile values in the Italian population (camp study)
2011
AIMS: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is one of the best non-invasive parameters for evaluating previous vascular lesions and could be used to identify a preclinical stage of the atherosclerotic process. The aim of our research was to develop an epidemiological study of the normal mean values of IMT of the common carotid artery, adjusted for age and sex, in the Italian population. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this multicenter study, a total of 1017 patients (596 males, mean age: 58.5 + 13.2 years) were enrolled at four different Italian centers. Inclusion criteria were the absence of cardiovascular risk factors or presence of not more than one. Patients underwent two-dimensional echo-color …
Use of needles and syringes in Miami and Valencia: observations of high and low availability.
2000
Two studies engaged in gathering data on injecting drug users (IDUs) employed supplementary resources to enhance their ethnographic components and compare patterns of use of needles/syringes (n/s) in two geographically similar but culturally distinct cities. Despite its policy of making n/s highly available at fair prices, Valencia, Spain, has markedly higher rates of HIV seroprevalence among its IDUs than does Miami, Florida, where possession of n/s is illegal. Ethnographically based models that track IDUs through choices of injection venues help to explain this difference. Inability of IDUs in Valencia to use their own domiciles as venues for injection contrasts sharply with problems of M…
Comparing the characteristics of homeless adults in Poland and the United States.
2014
This study compared the characteristics of probability samples of homeless adults in Poland (N = 200 from two cities) and the United States (N = 219 from one city), using measures with established reliability and validity in homeless populations. The same measures were used across nations and a systemic translation procedure assured comparability of measurement. The two samples were similar on some measures: In both nations, most homeless adults were male, many reported having dependent children and experiencing out-of-home placements when they themselves were children, and high levels of physical health problems were observed. Significant national differences were also found: Those in Pola…
Gender and age distribution of motorcycle crashes in Spain.
2018
This study analysed motorcycle crashes in Spain. Ninety-nine thousand three hundred and four motorcycle crash reports filed in the years 2006-2011 were extracted from the Directorate General of Traffic database of crashes with victims. These data were analysed in terms of gender, age groups, trip purpose, type of crash, speed violation, day of the week, harm caused, use of helmet and psychophysical conditions of the driver to study the characteristics of motorcycle crashes in Spain and to assess the differences between male and female motorcycle drivers in these crashes. Significant differences were found in all the variables considered in the study, which implies gender differences in the …
Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy.
1998
This study aimed to assess the main features of hepatocellular carcinoma at the time of diagnosis in Italy, particularly in relation to the presence or absence of underlying cirrhosis, hepatitis virus marker patterns, age of the subjects and alpha-foetoprotein values.A total of 1148 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma seen at 14 Italian hospitals in the 1-year period from May 1996 to May 1997 were the subjects of this prevalence study. Both newly diagnosed cases (incident cases) and cases diagnosed before May 1996 but still attending the hospitals during the study period (prevalent cases) were included.We found that 71.1% of cases were positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies but negati…
The difference in risk of chronic pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality between former elite athletes and ordinary men in Finland.
2019
The impact of a history of competitive sports on later smoking behaviour and occurrence of chronic pulmonary diseases is poorly known. We investigated how a history of elite level sports predicted later pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality. Chronic pulmonary disease incidence was assessed from national hospital and cause-of-death registers from 1970 to 2015 among Finnish male former elite athletes (n = 2078) and matched controls (n = 1453) alive in 1970 (mean age 45.0 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards model. In 1985, cohort members reported on their smoking habits, engagement in physical activity/sports and physician-diagnosed chronic diseases. The…
The Prevalence of Sexual Violence: Results From a Population-Based Sample
2016
BACKGROUND: Sexual violence can cause severe mental and bodily harm. This is the first study of a population-based sample in Germany to assess both the frequency of the subjects' having experienced sexual violence and the frequency of their having manifested sexually aggressive behavior themselves. METHODS: 2513 persons (of whom 2422 were over age 18 and 91 were aged 14 to 18) were asked about their experiences with sexual violence in the past 12 months, either as the person committing sexual violence or as the victim of sexual violence at the hands of other adults or similarly aged adolescents. RESULTS: 0.6% (n = 6) of the men and 1.2% (n = 16) of the women surveyed, and ca. 5% (n = 4) of …