Search results for "AGENT"

Neuroprotective Actions of Estradiol and Novel Estrogen Analogs in Ischemia: Translational Implications

2010

This review highlights our investigations into the neuroprotective efficacy of estradiol and other estrogenic agents in a clinically relevant animal model of transient global ischemia, which causes selective, delayed death of hippocampal CA1 neurons and associated cognitive deficits. We find that estradiol rescues a significant number of CA1 pyramidal neurons that would otherwise die in response to global ischemia, and this is true when hormone is provided as a long-term pretreatment at physiological doses or as an acute treatment at the time of reperfusion. In addition to enhancing neuronal survival, both forms of estradiol treatment induce measurable cognitive benefit in young animals. Mo…

Helicobacter pyloriand Non-malignant Diseases

2008

In 2007 Helicobacter pylori research continued to deal with some controversies raised in the last decade. The main problems remain unsolved: peptic ulcer disease negative for H. pylori, synergism of H. pylori infection and aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or cyclooxygenase 2 specific inhibitors, the role of H. pylori eradication in uninvestigated and nonulcer dyspepsia, and the possible protective effect of H. pylori infection against gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications such as Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma. The incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease as well as ulcer-related mortality are continuing to decline all over the world. Th…

PPI-based triple therapy in the eradication of H. pylori infection.

1999

How registers could enhance knowledge and characterization of genetic dyslipidaemias: The experience of the LIPIGEN in Italy and of other networks fo…

2020

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder of lipid metabolism, still underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population. Pathology registers could play a crucial role in the creation of a comprehensive and integrated global approach to cover all aspects of this disease. Systematic data collection of patients affected by FH has increased dramatically worldwide in the past few years. Moreover, results from registers already established for the longest time showed their potentialities in the implementation of the knowledge of FH, comparing country-specific approaches and providing real-world data about identification, management and treatment of FH individuals in t…

Retreatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin of chronic hepatitis C non-responders to interferon plus ribavirin: A meta-analysis

2009

Efficacy of retreatment with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin of non-responders to standard or pegylated IFN plus ribavirin has been assessed in various studies, but sustained virologic response (SVR) rates are variable and factors influencing efficacy and tolerability still remain incompletely defined. We aimed to focus on SVR rates and to identify factors influencing them in this meta-analysis.MEDLINE as well as a manual search were used. Studies were included if they were controlled or uncontrolled trials, if they had been published as full-length papers and if they included non-responders to standard or pegylated IFN and ribavirin therapy. Fourteen trials were included in t…

Resistance-associated substitutions in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection

2020

Data on the prevalence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) and their implications for treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are sparse in European patients with HCV genotype 4. This study investigated RASs before and after DAA failure in different genotype 4 subtypes and evaluated retreatment efficacies. Samples of 195 genotype 4-infected patients were collected in the European Resistance Database and investigated for NS3, NS5A and NS5B RASs. Retreatment efficacies in DAA failure patients were analysed retrospectively. After NS5A inhibitor (NS5Ai) failure, subtype 4r was frequent (30%) compared to DAA-naive patients (5%) and the number of NS5A RASs was significantly highe…

Hepatotoxicity caused by mebendazole in a patient with Gilbert's syndrome

2019

What is known and objective Mebendazole (MBZ) is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent of the benzimidazole type. Although MBZ has been reported to cause hepatic injury, case reports of severe hepatic injury are very rare. We report a case of severe hepatitis after administration of MBZ in a patient with Gilbert's syndrome affected by pinworms infestation. Case summary Differently from other cases of hepatitis due to MBZ reported in the scientific literature, our patient received standard doses of MBZ for a short period of time. After 18 days from the start of therapy, he developed hepatomegaly, and increases in hepatic enzymes and bilirubin. Hepatic enzymes returned to normal over the foll…

The Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): A Systematic Review with a Pooled Analysis of Only Surgery versus Combined Prot…

2021

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse reaction of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic agents, and it is also a potentially painful and debilitating condition. To date, no specific studies have prospectively evaluated the efficacy of its treatment and no robust standard of care has been established. Therefore, a systematic review (2007–2020) with a pooled analysis was performed in order to compare MRONJ surgical techniques (conservative or aggressive) versus combined surgical procedures (surgery plus a non-invasive procedure), where 1137 patients were included in the pooled analysis. A statistically significant difference in the 6-month improvement rate, comp…

Non-Hemodynamic Effects of Organic Nitrates and the Distinctive Characteristics of Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate

2009

Organic nitrates are among the oldest and yet most commonly employed drugs in the long-term therapy of coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. While they have long been used in clinical practice, our understanding of their mechanism of action and side effects remains incomplete. For instance, recent findings provide evidence of previously unanticipated, non-hemodynamic properties that include potentially beneficial mechanisms (such as the induction of a protective phenotype that mimics ischemic preconditioning), but also toxic effects (such as endothelial and autonomic dysfunction, rebound angina, tolerance). To date, the most commonly employed organic nitrates are isosorbide …

The role of the renin-angiotensin system in atrial fibrillation and the therapeutic effects of ACE-Is and ARBS

2008

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common rhythm disturbance in medical practice and represents a very expensive health problem. AF can be managed with the prevention of thromboembolism and either a rate control of rhythm strategy. As both strategies have important limitations, probably a preventative strategy in patients at risk of developing arrhythmia can be a more attractive option. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) seems to be involved in the genesis of arrhythmia by the following two mechanisms: 1. the induction of atrial fibrosis and structural remodelling by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression and reduction of collagenase activity; 2. the induction of electrical re…