Search results for "AIH"
showing 10 items of 785 documents
Within-host evolution decreases virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen
2015
Abstract Background Pathogens evolve in a close antagonistic relationship with their hosts. The conventional theory proposes that evolution of virulence is highly dependent on the efficiency of direct host-to-host transmission. Many opportunistic pathogens, however, are not strictly dependent on the hosts due to their ability to reproduce in the free-living environment. Therefore it is likely that conflicting selection pressures for growth and survival outside versus within the host, rather than transmission potential, shape the evolution of virulence in opportunists. We tested the role of within-host selection in evolution of virulence by letting a pathogen Serratia marcescens db11 sequent…
Ten simple rules for a successful EU Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Postdoctoral (MSCA) fellowship application.
2022
Effects of temporal abiotic drivers on the dynamics of an allometric trophic network model
2023
Current ecological research and ecosystem management call for improved understanding of the abiotic drivers of community dynamics, including temperature effects on species interactions and biomass accumulation. Allometric trophic network (ATN) models, which simulate material (carbon) transfer in trophic networks from producers to consumers based on mass-specific metabolic rates, provide an attractive framework to study consumer–resource interactions from organisms to ecosystems. However, the developed ATN models rarely consider temporal changes in some key abiotic drivers that affect, for example, consumer metabolism and producer growth. Here, we evaluate how temporal changes in carrying ca…
Finnish forest-based companies in transition to the circular bioeconomy : drivers, organizational resources and innovations
2020
Abstract Forest-based businesses are the center of the transition to the sustainable and competitive circular bioeconomy in Finland. This study explores the transition of Finnish FBS firms to new business models, with a focus on the organizational resources and capabilities needed for transition. It also identifies the important elements in the business environment and the role of innovations in this process. The study uses thematic interviews with managers from various FBS firms and companies from interfacing sectors, all of which have operations in Finland. Despite the differences between firms, the study finds many common drivers and resources that FBS companies highlight as significant …
Why Do Managers Leave Their Organization? : Investigating the Role of Ethical Organizational Culture in Managerial Turnover
2016
The aim of the present longitudinal study was to quantitatively examine whether an ethical organizational culture predicts turnover among managers. To complement the quantitative results, a further important aim was to examine the self-reported reasons behind manager turnover, and the associations of ethical organizational culture with these reasons. The participants were Finnish managers working in technical and commercial fields. Logistic regression analyses indicated that, of the eight virtues investigated, congruency of supervisors, congruency of senior management, discussability, and sanctionability were negatively related to manager turnover. The results also revealed that the turnove…
Trade imbalances within the euro area and with respect to the rest of the world
2015
Abstract Many studies have explored the determinants of current account balances in Europe. However, only in a few studies has trade balance been decomposed into intra balance, trade balance vis-a-vis the euro area, and extra balance, trade balance vis-a-vis the rest of the world. This decomposition is necessary for us to understand why some core euro area countries are acting as financial intermediaries for the periphery countries. Furthermore, the determinants of intra and extra balances might be different because nominal exchange rate cannot adjust between the EMU countries while their financial markets are highly integrated. Thus, we apply this decomposition and supplement the previous …
Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites and Human Physical Performance
2021
Trillions of microbes inhabiting the gut modulate the metabolism of the host. Cross-sectional studies have reported associations between physical performance and the gut microbiota (GM). Physical activity seems to increase GM diversity and the abundance of certain health-beneficial microbes. We reviewed the evidence from longitudinal studies on the connection between physically active lifestyle or long-term exercise interventions and the GM. We made literature searches using databases of Web of Science and PubMed Medline to collect human studies showing or not the associations between the GM and exercise. Many controversies exist in the studies. However, the longitudinal studies show that f…
Exchange students in Finland : English language learning and use
2013
Kansainvälisyys ja kielitaito kulkevat tänä päivänä käsi kädessä ja molemmat nähdäänkin tärkeinä seikkoina yliopisto-opiskelijoiden tulevaisuuden kannalta. Euroopassa vaihto-opiskelusta on tullut yhä suositumpaa ja siihen kehottavat niin yliopistot kuin myös opiskelijoiden tulevat työnantajat sekä Euroopan Unioni, joka myös tukee hanketta taloudellisesti noudattaen Euroopan yhteistä kielipolitiikkaa. Vaihto-opiskelu nähdään hyödyllisenä niin itsenäistymisen kuin myös kansainvälistymisen kannalta, unohtamatta kielitaidon merkitystä monikielisessä Euroopassa. Merkittävä osa Suomeen tulevista vaihto-opiskelijoista pitää yhtenä tavoitteenaan parantaa englannin kielen taitoaan, huolimatta siitä,…
Study abroad and career identity : three narratives of English language students' journeys to English-speaking countries
2010
Kulttuurienväliset opiskelijavaihto-ohjelmat ovat kasvattaneet merkittävästi suosiotaan kuluneiden vuosikymmenten aikana. Kuitenkin vasta viime vuosina on herätty tutkimaan millaisia kokonaisvaltaisia vaikutuksia kulttuurirajojen ylittämisellä sekä vieraaseen kieli- ja kulttuuriympäristöön sopeutumisella on vaihto-opiskelijoiden identiteetille. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tarkastella seuraavaa kysymystä: millaisia vaikutuksia kansainvälisellä opiskelijavaihdolla on opiskelijan ammatilliselle identiteetille. Tutkielman aineisto on kerätty temaattisella ryhmähaastattelulla. Siinä kolme opiskelijaa kertoo opiskelijavaihtonsa aikaisista kieli- ja kulttuurikokemuksista sekä pohtii identit…
The making of rallienglanti : cross-linguistic influence in Finnish speakers' pronunciation of English
2016
Kielten välistä siirtovaikutusta, eli transferia on tutkittu melko paljon, mutta suomen ja englannin kielten suhde, varsinkin fonetiikan osalta, on jäänyt melko vähälle huomiolle. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää erilaisia tapoja, joilla suomalaisten englanninääntämys voi erota ns. malliääntämyksestä, sekä selvittää, miten suomen kielen foneettinen järjestelmä vaikuttaa näihin eroihin. Kvalitatiiviseen tapaustutkimukseen valittiin erilaisia englannin kielen ääntämysjärjestelmän osa-alueita, kuten konsonanttiäänteitä, sekä prosodisia seikkoja, kuten painotus ja intonaatio. Tavoitteena oli löytää kattavasti erilaisia esimerkkejä tutkimuksen osallistujien puhenäytteistä ja kuvailla…