Search results for "AIR"
showing 10 items of 13227 documents
Plasma membrane protein trafficking in plant-microbe interactions: a plant cell point of view
2014
International audience; In order to ensure their physiological and cellular functions, plasma membrane (PM) proteins must be properly conveyed from their site of synthesis, i.e., the endoplasmic reticulum, to their final destination, the PM, through the secretory pathway. PM protein homeostasis also relies on recycling and/or degradation, two processes that are initiated by endocytosis. Vesicular membrane trafficking events to and from the PM have been shown to be altered when plant cells are exposed to mutualistic or pathogenic microbes. In this review, we will describe the fine-tune regulation of such alterations, and their consequence in PM protein activity. We will consider the formatio…
Responses of above- and below-ground fungal symbionts to cessation of mowing in subalpine grassland
2017
Abstract The cessation of mowing in subalpine grasslands promotes the dominance of Festuca paniculata leading to the reduction in plant diversity. Moreover, it affects positively the abundance of Epichloe sp. inhabiting F. paniculata leaves and negatively the soil density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We explored how the cessation of mowing influences root AMF communities in F. paniculata and the neighboring plants, and Epichloe sp alkaloids. Thirteen AMF operational taxonomical units were found. The neighboring plants affected positively the abundances of Aalpin and GLOM_7 whereas the interaction plant/management type influenced significantly Claroide_1 , GLOM_1 and GLOM_7 . The N…
Influence of female moulting status on pairing decisions and size‐assortative mating in amphipods
2012
8 pages; International audience; Precopulatory mate guarding is a common strategy, which has evolved in species where the female receptivity (and thus egg fertilization) is predictable, but also limited to a short period. Although males are larger than females in many amphipods, the largest males pair with the largest females, leading to a positive sizeassortative pairing. Size-assortative pairing has received much attention but how moulting physiology could affect pairing decisions has rarely been studied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the size-assortative pairing in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex is closely related to the female moult cycle. We characterized moulting status …
The Plant Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Does Not Transport K+ in Vacuole Membrane Vesicles Multilabeled with Fluorescent Probes for H+, K+, and Membrane …
1995
Abstract It has been claimed that the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) of the plant vacuolar membrane transports K+ in addition to H+ in intact vacuoles (Davies, J. M., Poole, R. J., Rea, P. A., and Sanders, D.(1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 11701-11705). Since this was not confirmed using the purified and reconstituted PPase consisting of a 75-kDa polypeptide (Sato, M. H., Kasahara, M., Ishii, N., Homareda, H., Matsui, H., and Yoshida, M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 6725-6728), these authors proposed that K+ transport by the PPase is dependent on its association with other membrane components lost during purification. We have examined the hypothesis of K+ translocation by the PP…
Genetic variation in the behavioural mechanisms involved in the response of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus brochymenae to contact chemical cues left b…
2021
International audience; 1. The ability of parasitoid females to perceive chemical traces left by theirhosts is of utmost importance in the host location process. The behaviours involved insuch ability have thus most likely been promoted by natural selection in the course ofthe evolutionary time. For this to happen, however, there must be signicant geneticvariation in natural populations on which natural selection could act.2. Using the isofemale line method and motion analysis, we detected signicantintra-population genetic variation for several walking behaviour traits of the eggparasitoid Trissolcus brochymenae (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) females responding tochemical traces left by its h…
How partnerships end in guillemots Uria aalge : chance events, adaptive change, or forced divorce?
2007
Divorce in socially monogamous species can result from different mechanisms, for example, chance events, active desertion of the partner, or the intrusion of a third individual ousting the partner. We compared the predictions associated with such mechanisms with data from common guillemots (Uria aalge) breeding on the Isle of May, Scotland. The data cover the years 1982--2005 and show a yearly divorce rate of 10.2%. In most divorces (86%), one of the original partners moved to another breeding site, whereas the other bird stayed and bred with a new partner. On average, movers had a significantly lower breeding success after divorce, stayers were largely unaffected, whereas the incoming bird…
Lobesia botrana larvae develop faster in the presence of parasitoids.
2013
3 pages; International audience; To combat parasitism hosts often rely on their immune system, which is the last line of defense. However, the immune system may not always be effective, and other non-immunological defenses might be favored to reduce the cost of parasite infection. Here we report that larvae of the moth Lobesia botrana can rapidly accelerate their development and reach maturity earlier in response to cues perceived at a distance from parasitoids. Such a phenotypically plastic life history shift, induced by the perception of deadly enemies in the environment, is likely to be an adaptive defensive strategy to prevent parasitoid attack, and has important implications in host-pa…
Assortative mating by size without a size-based preference: the female-sooner norm as a mate-guarding criterion.
2013
7 pages; International audience; The study of size-assortative mating, or homogamy, is of great importance in speciation and sexual selection. However, the proximate mechanisms that lead to such patterns are poorly understood. Homogamy is often thought to come from a directional preference for larger mates. However, many constraints affect mating preferences and understanding the causes of size assortment requires a precise evaluation of the pair formation mechanism. Mate-guarding crustaceans are a model group for the study of homogamy. Males guard females until moult and reproduction. They are also unable to hold a female during their own moult and tend to pair with females closer to moult…
Gauge theory of the long-range proximity effect and spontaneous currents in superconducting heterostructures with strong ferromagnets
2017
We present the generalized quasiclassical theory of the long-range superconducting proximity effect in heterostructures with strong ferromagnets, where the exchange splitting is of the order of Fermi energy. In the ferromagnet the propagation of equal-spin Cooper pairs residing on the spin-split Fermi surfaces is shown to be governed by the spin-dependent Abelian gauge field which results either from the spin-orbital coupling or from the magnetic texture. This additional gauge field enters into the quasiclassical equations in superposition with the usual electromagnetic vector potential and results in the generation of spontaneous superconducting currents and phase shifts in various geometr…
Analysis of some renewable energy uses and demand side measures for hotels on small Mediterranean islands: A case study
2018
Abstract Tourist activity strongly influences the energy consumption and the overall load profile of communities with isolated energy systems. One example is hotel sectors on small islands that are not connected to mainland energy distribution grids. The use of solar energy systems could be a smart option for reducing energy consumption and tackling seasonal fluctuation. The operation of a weak and isolated electric grid requires attention to the management of power profiles in very short time frames. Energy storage (thermal or electric), as well as building automation control technologies, can be utilised for these aims. In this context, the present paper illustrates a study conducted at a…