Search results for "AIR"

7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol: in vitro and animal models used to characterize their activities and to identify molecules preventing th…

2020

International audience; Oxysterols are molecules derived by the oxidation of cholesterol and can be formed either by auto-oxidation, enzymatically or by both processes. Among the oxysterols formed by auto-oxidation, 7-ketocholesterol and 7beta-hydroxycholesterol are the main forms generated. These oxysterols, formed endogenously and brought in large quantities by certain foods, have major cytotoxic properties. They are powerful inducers of oxidative stress, inducing dysfunction of organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes) that can cause cell death. These molecules are often identified in increased amounts in common pathological states such as cardiovascular diseases, certain eye …

Genomic characterization of Algerian Guelmoise cattle and their genetic relationship with other North African populations inferred from SNP genotypin…

2018

International audience; Understanding between and within-breeds genetic variability is essential in the choice of conservation management decisions for threatened populations. In this study we assessed the genetic diversity of the Algerian Guelmoise cattle (GUE) by analyzing data on 24 GUE individuals genotyped for the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChipv2. We also provided a detailed description of the population structure of GUE using comparisons with 23 worldwide cattle populations, selected as being representative of African, South European and indicine populations, in addition to four North African populations. We show that GUE is an admixed population which has strong genetic similarity to …

Transcriptome analysis revealed that a quorum sensing system regulates the transfer of the pAt megaplasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

2016

Background Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain P4 is atypical, as the strain is not pathogenic and produces a for this species unusual quorum sensing signal, identified as N-(3-hydroxy-octanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3OH,C8-HSL). Results By sequence analysis and cloning, a functional luxI-like gene, named cinI, has been identified on the At plasmid of A. tumefaciens strain P4. Insertion mutagenesis in the cinI gene and transcriptome analyses permitted the identification of 32 cinI-regulated genes in this strain, most of them encoding proteins responsible for the conjugative transfer of pAtP4. Among these genes were the avhB genes that encode a type 4 secretion system (T4SS) involved in the forma…

Artesunate Impairs Growth in Cisplatin-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells by Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and Autophagy Induction

2020

Cisplatin, which induces DNA damage, is standard chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer (BCa). However, efficacy is limited due to resistance development. Since artesunate (ART), a derivative of artemisinin originating from Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity, and to inhibit DNA damage repair, the impact of artesunate on cisplatin-resistant BCa was evaluated. Cisplatin-sensitive (parental) and cisplatin-resistant BCa cells, RT4, RT112, T24, and TCCSup, were treated with ART (1&ndash

2020

Cuticle barrier efficiency in insects depends largely on cuticular lipids. To learn about the evolution of cuticle barrier function, we compared the basic properties of the cuticle inward and outward barrier function in adults of the fruit flies Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster that live on fruits sharing a similar habitat. At low air humidity, D. suzukii flies desiccate faster than D. melanogaster flies. We observed a general trend indicating that in this respect males are less robust than females in both species. Xenobiotics penetration occurs at lower temperatures in D. suzukii than in D. melanogaster. Likewise, D. suzukii flies are more susceptible to contact insecticides …

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Approaches to Pharmacological Resistance

2017

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the reciprocal t (9:22) chromosomal translocation. This rearrangement produces the socalled Philadelphia chromosome carrying the chimeric Bcr-Abl oncoprotein, p210, responsible of disease progression [1]. Because of its critical role in pathogenesis, the scientific community had focused on targeting Bcr–Abl for treatment of CML. For many years Imatinib (IM), as selective inhibitor of the Tyr-Kinase activity of the oncoprotein, was used to treat CML patients [2]. From 2000 some data relative to IM resistance were available. There are many mechanisms responsible of IM resistance, more often point mutat…

Effects of ewes grazing sulla or ryegrass pasture for different daily durations on forage intake, milk production and fatty acid composition of cheese

2016

Sulla (Sulla coronarium L.) forage is valued for its positive impact on ruminant production, in part due to its moderate content of condensed tannin (CT). The duration of daily grazing is a factor affecting the feed intake and milk production of ewes. In this study, the effects of grazing sulla pasture compared with annual ryegrass, and the extension of grazing from 8 to 22 h/day, were evaluated with regard to ewe forage intake and milk production, as well as the physicochemical properties and fatty acid (FA) composition of cheese. During 42 days in the spring, 28 ewes of the Comisana breed were divided into four groups (S8, S22, R8 and R22) that grazed sulla (S) or ryegrass (R) for 8 (0800…

Pb2+complexes of small-cavity azamacrocyclic ligands: thermodynamic and kinetic studies

2017

The synthesis, acid-base behavior and Pb2+ coordination chemistry of the new aza-scorpiand like ligand 5-[2-(N-2-fluorenyl)ethylamino]-2,5,8-triaza[9]-2,6-pyridinophane (L1) have been studied by potentiometry, NMR and spectrofluorimetric titrations, and the results are compared with those obtained for the related compounds L2, lacking the fluorenyl group, and L3, the macrocycle lacking the pendant arm. The crystal structures obtained for complexes [PbL1][PbL1Cl](NO3)Cl2·4H2O (1) and [PbL3](ClO4)2 (2) reveal that the metal ion is located over the plane defined by the nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic core due to its inability to accommodate the large Pb2+ ion in the macrocyclic cavity. For L…

RNase H1 and H2 Are Differentially Regulated to Process RNA-DNA Hybrids

2019

Summary: RNA-DNA hybrids are tightly regulated to ensure genome integrity. The RNase H enzymes RNase H1 and H2 contribute to chromosomal stability through the removal of RNA-DNA hybrids. Loss of RNase H2 function is implicated in human diseases of the nervous system and cancer. To better understand RNA-DNA hybrid dynamics, we focused on elucidating the regulation of the RNase H enzymes themselves. Using yeast as a model system, we demonstrate that RNase H1 and H2 are controlled in different manners. RNase H2 has strict cell cycle requirements, in that it has an essential function in G2/M for both R-loop processing and ribonucleotide excision repair. RNase H1, however, can function independe…

Minerality in wine: Towards the reality behind the myths

2018

Revue non indexée dans JCR. This article belongs to the Special Issue Wine Components and Chemical Mechanisms for Health; Tasting minerality in wine is highly fashionable, but it is unclear what this involves. The present review outlines published work concerning how minerality in wine is perceived and conceptualised by wine professionals and consumers. Studies investigating physico-chemical sources of perceived minerality in wine are reviewed also. Unusually, for a wine sensory descriptor, the term frequently is taken to imply a genesis: the sensation is the taste of minerals in the wine that were transported through the vine from the vineyard rocks and soils. Recent studies exploring tast…