Search results for "ALGORITHMS"

showing 10 items of 1716 documents

Comparison of single-spot technique and RGB imaging for erythema index estimation

2016

A commercially available point measurement device, the Mexameter(®), and an experimental RGB imaging prototype device were used for erythema index estimation of 50 rosacea patients by analysing the level of skin redness on the forehead, both cheeks and both sides of a nose. Results are compared with Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA) values given by two dermatologists. The Mexameter uses 568 nm and 660 nm LEDs and a photodetector for estimation of erythema index, while the used prototype device acquired RGB images at 460 nm, 530 nm and 665 nm LED illumination. Several erythema index estimation algorithms were compared to determine which one gives the best contrast between increased eryth…

Diagnostic Imagingmedicine.medical_specialtyErythemaPhysiologyBiomedical EngineeringBiophysicsColor01 natural sciencesImaging data010309 optics030207 dermatology & venereal diseases03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineMeasurement devicePhysiology (medical)0103 physical sciencesmedicineHumansLed illuminationbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseDermatologymedicine.anatomical_structureSemiconductorsErythemaRosaceaForeheadRGB color modelFemalemedicine.symptomNormal skinbusinessAlgorithmsPhysiological Measurement
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Generation of Bessel beam arrays through Dammann gratings.

2012

In this work we apply the Dammann grating concept to generate an equal-intensity square array of Bessel quasi-free diffraction beams that diverge from a common center. We generate a binary phase mask that combines the axicon phase with the phase of a Dammann grating. The procedure can be extended to include vortex spiral phases that generate an array of optical pipes. Experimental results are provided by means of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display operating as a binary π phase spatial light modulator.

DiffractionLightOptical PhenomenaPhase (waves)Physics::OpticsGratingAxiconOpticsScattering RadiationComputer SimulationElectrical and Electronic EngineeringEngineering (miscellaneous)Diffraction gratingPhysicsSpatial light modulatorbusiness.industryLasersOptical DevicesEquipment DesignModels TheoreticalAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsLiquid CrystalsRefractometryBessel beamComputer-Aided DesignbusinessPhase modulationAlgorithmsApplied optics
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Devil’s vortex-lenses

2009

In this paper we present a new kind of vortex lenses in which the radial phase distribution is characterized by the "devil's staircase" function. The focusing properties of these fractal DOEs coined Devil's vortex-lenses are analytically studied and the influence of the topological charge is investigated. It is shown that under monochromatic illumination a vortex devil's lens give rise a focal volume containing a delimited chain of vortices that are axially distributed according to the self-similarity of the lens.

DiffractionOptics and PhotonicsLightOptical TweezersAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysicslaw.inventionFractalOpticslawCondensed Matter::SuperconductivityTopological quantum numberPhysicsModels Statisticalbusiness.industryEquipment DesignModels TheoreticalAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsVortexLens (optics)FractalsClassical mechanicsMonochromatic colorAxial symmetrybusinessOptical vortexAlgorithmsOptics Express
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Fast and robust phase-shift estimation in two-dimensional structured illumination microscopy.

2019

A method of determining unknown phase-shifts between elementary images in two-dimensional Structured Illumination Microscopy (2D-SIM) is presented. The proposed method is based on the comparison of the peak intensity of spectral components. These components correspond to the inherent structured illumination spectral content and the residual compo- nent that appears from wrongly estimated phase-shifts. The estimation of the phase-shifts is carried out by finding the absolute maximum of a function defined as the normalized peak intensity difference in the Fourier domain. This task is performed by an optimization method providing a fast estimation of the phase-shift. The algorithm stability an…

DiffractionStatistical NoisePhotonStructured illumination microscopy02 engineering and technologySignal-To-Noise RatioResidual01 natural sciencesPhase DeterminationMathematical and Statistical TechniquesFluorescence MicroscopyImage Processing Computer-AssistedFourier Anàlisi deMathematicsMicroscopyMultidisciplinaryFourier AnalysisPhysicsApplied MathematicsSimulation and ModelingStatisticsQRLight Microscopy021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyGaussian NoiseMicroscòpiaFourier analysisPhysical SciencessymbolsCrystallographic TechniquesMedicine0210 nano-technologyAlgorithmDiffractionElementary ParticlesAlgorithmsResearch ArticleImaging TechniquesComputationScienceResearch and Analysis Methods010309 opticssymbols.namesakeRobustness (computer science)0103 physical sciencesParticle PhysicsPhotonsMicroscopy FluorescenceGaussian noiseWavesMathematicsImatges Processament Tècniques digitalsPLoS ONE
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Levy targeting and the principle of detailed balance

2011

We investigate confining mechanisms for Lévy flights under premises of the principle of detailed balance. In this case, the master equation of the jump-type process admits a transformation to the Lévy-Schrödinger semigroup dynamics akin to a mapping of the Fokker-Planck equation into the generalized diffusion equation. This sets a correspondence between above two stochastic dynamical systems, within which we address a (stochastic) targeting problem for an arbitrary stability index μ ε (0,2) of symmetric Lévy drivers. Namely, given a probability density function, specify the semigroup potential, and thence the jump-type dynamics for which this PDF is actually a long-time asymptotic (target) …

Diffusion equationDynamical systems theoryMovementNormal DistributionFOS: Physical sciencesDiffusionOscillometryMaster equationFOS: MathematicsApplied mathematicsCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsMathematical PhysicsMathematicsStochastic ProcessesModels StatisticalStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)SemigroupStochastic processPhysicsProbability (math.PR)Mathematical analysisCauchy distributionDetailed balanceMathematical Physics (math-ph)Markov ChainsTransformation (function)ThermodynamicsAlgorithmsMathematics - Probability
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Physics, Techniques and Review of Neuroradiological Applications of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI)

2016

In recent years many papers about diagnostic applications of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been published. This is because DTI allows to evaluate in vivo and in a non-invasive way the process of diffusion of water molecules in biological tissues. However, the simplified description of the diffusion process assumed in DTI does not permit to completely map the complex underlying cellular components and structures, which hinder and restrict the diffusion of water molecules. These limitations can be partially overcome by means of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). The aim of this paper is the description of the theory of DKI, a new topic of growing interest in radiology. DKI is a higher or…

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)computer.software_genreSensitivity and Specificity030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineSettore MED/36 - Diagnostica per Immagini e RadioterapiaImage Interpretation Computer-AssistedHumansPreprocessorRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Diffusion (business)DKIDiffusion Kurtosis ImagingParametric statisticsPhysicsBrain DiseasesDiffusion weighted imaging (DWI)Reproducibility of ResultsBrainSettore MED/37 - NeuroradiologiaImage EnhancementWhite MatterSettore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali Ambientali Biol.e Medicin)Acquisition ProtocolDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingDiffusion Tensor ImagingNeuroradiologyDiffusion processDTIDWI NeuroradiologyDiffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI)Settore MED/26 - NeurologiaNeurology (clinical)Data miningBrain; Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI); Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI); Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); NeuroradiologycomputerAlgorithms030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMRIDiffusion MRIClinical Neuroradiology
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Time-resolved fluorescence and fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigations of lateral packing defects and superlattice domains in composi…

2003

Time-resolved fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies were used to investigate the lateral organization of lipids in compositionally uniform and fully equilibrated 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (POPC/CHOL) liposomes prepared by a recently devised low-temperature trapping method. Independent fluorescence decay lifetime and rotational dynamics parameters of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) chain-labeled phosphatidylcholine (DPH-PC) in these liposomes were recovered from the time-resolved fluorescence measurements as a function of cholesterol molar fraction (X(CHOL)) at 23 degrees C. The results indicate significantly greater lifetime heterogeneity, shorter av…

DiphenylhexatrieneModels MolecularMacromolecular SubstancesMembrane FluidityLipid BilayersBiophysicsAnalytical chemistry010402 general chemistryMole fraction01 natural sciences03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundPhosphatidylcholineSpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredMembrane fluiditypolycyclic compoundsComputer SimulationLipid bilayerPOPCRotational correlation time030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesLiposomeMembranestechnology industry and agricultureSignal Processing Computer-Assisted0104 chemical sciencesCrystallographyCholesterolSpectrometry FluorescencechemistryLiposomesPhosphatidylcholinesAnisotropylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)AlgorithmsBiophysical journal
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Longest Motifs with a Functionally Equivalent Central Block

2004

International audience; This paper presents a generalization of the notion of longest repeats with a block of k don't care symbols introduced by [Crochemore et al., LATIN 2004] (for k fixed) to longest motifs composed of three parts: a first and last that parameterize match (that is, match via some symbol renaming, initially unknown), and a functionally equivalent central block. Such three-part motifs are called longest block motifs. Different types of functional equivalence, and thus of matching criteria for the central block are considered, which include as a subcase the one treated in [Crochemore et al., LATIN 2004] and extend to the case of regular expressions with no Kleene closure or …

Discrete mathematics0303 health sciences[INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS]Block (permutation group theory)0102 computer and information sciences01 natural sciencesCombinatoricsKleene algebra03 medical and health sciencesClosure (mathematics)010201 computation theory & mathematicsAlgorithmicsKleene starRegular expressionTime complexity030304 developmental biologyMathematicsComplement (set theory)
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An Efficient Algorithm for the Generation of Z-Convex Polyominoes

2014

We present a characterization of Z-convex polyominoes in terms of pairs of suitable integer vectors. This lets us design an algorithm which generates all Z-convex polyominoes of size n in constant amortized time.

Discrete mathematicsAmortized analysisMathematics::CombinatoricsSettore INF/01 - InformaticaPolyominoEfficient algorithmRegular polygonComputer Science::Computational GeometryCharacterization (mathematics)CombinatoricsIntegerComputer Science::Discrete MathematicsTheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITYConstant (mathematics)TetrominoZ-convex polyominoes generation.Mathematics
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Grundy coloring for power graphs

2003

International audience

Discrete mathematicsApplied Mathematics[INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS][ INFO.INFO-DM ] Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM][INFO.INFO-DS] Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS][INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM]Power (physics)Brooks' theoremGreedy coloring[INFO.INFO-DM] Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM]Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics[ INFO.INFO-DS ] Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS]ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSMathematics
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