Search results for "APT"

Transient focal cerebral ischemia significantly alters not only EAATs but also VGLUTs expression in rats: relevance of changes in reactive astroglia

2010

The involvement of plasma membrane glutamate transporters (EAATs - excitatory aminoacid transporters) in the pathophysiology of ischemia has been widely studied, but little is known about the role of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in the ischemic process. We analyzed the expression of VGLUT1-3 in the cortex and caudate-putamen of rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed an increase of VGLUT1 signal in cortex and caudate-putamen until 3 days of reperfusion followed by a reduction 7 days after the ischemic insult. By contrast, VGLUT2 and 3 were drastically reduced. Confocal microscopy revealed an increase in VGLUT2…

Hardwiring the Brain: Endocannabinoids Shape Neuronal Connectivity

2007

The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of γ-aminobutyric acid–containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB 1 R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB 1 Rs, identify endoc…

Acute and Chronic Captopril, but Not Prazosin or Nifedipine, Normalize Alterations in Adrenergic Intracellular Ca2+ Handling Observed in the Mesenter…

2004

The effect of hypertension and acute (36-h) or chronic (from age 6 to 16 weeks) antihypertensive treatment with prazosin (2 mg kg(-1) per day), nifedipine (50 mg kg(-1) per day), or captopril (50 mg kg(-1) per day) on Ca2+ mobilization due to alpha1-adrenoceptor activation was analyzed in functional studies using arterial rings [four conductance/distributing vessels: aorta, main mesenteric, iliac, and tail arteries and two resistance vessels; first and second small mesenteric artery branches obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 6 and 16 weeks old) and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY)]. Maximal response to noradrenaline in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ is not affected …

A conceptually new treatment approach for relapsed glioblastoma: Coordinated undermining of survival paths with nine repurposed drugs (CUSP9) by the …

2013

Kast, Richard E. et al.

Activities of angiotensin-converting enzymes ACE1 and ACE2 and inhibition by bioactive peptides in porcine ocular tissues.

2009

An active local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has recently been found in the human eye. The aim of the present study was to compare the activities of central RAS enzymes (ACE1 and 2) in porcine ocular tissues, morphologically and physiologically close to the human eye. In addition, the effects of three ACE-inhibitory tripeptides on these enzymes were evaluated.Enucleated fresh porcine eyes were used. Activities of ACE1 and ACE2 and their inhibition by bioactive tripeptides (Ile-Pro-Pro, Val-Pro-Pro, Leu-Pro-Pro) as well as by a standard ACE-inhibitor captopril were assayed in the vitreous body, the retina and the ciliary body using fluorometric detection methods.Activity of ACE1 as well as…

Bisoprolol and captopril effects on insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in essential hypertension.

1998

Angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers have been reported to possess disparate effects on insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to study the effects of the selective beta-1 blocker bisoprolol and of the ACE inhibitor captopril on cellular insulin action in hypertensive individuals. After washout, 12 mild to moderate essential hypertensives were randomized in a double-blind manner to 5 mg bisoprolol daily or 25 mg captopril twice daily for 8 weeks. Erythrocyte insulin binding and insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase (TK) activity were measured before and after therapy. Both agents decreased diastolic blood pressure significantly (bisoprolol 96.5+/-0.9 to 87.…

Pre- and postsynaptic effects of muscarinic agonists in the guinea-pig ileum

1980

The effects of several muscarinic agonists on smooth muscle (postsynaptic effect) and on acetylcholine release (presynaptic effect) were compared in the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation of the guinea-pig ileum. 1. For release experiments the acetylcholine stores of the preparation were labelled with 3H-choline. Electrical field stimulation in the absence of a cholinesterase inhibitor caused an outflow of tritium that reflected release of 3H-acetylcholine. The agonists oxotremorine, arecaidinepropargylester, methylfurmethide, muscarine, carbachol, arecoline and pilocarpine inhibited the stimulation-induced outflow in a concentration-dependent manner. At the highest concentrat…

Dofetilide effects on the inhibition by trains of subthreshold conditioning stimuli.

2004

We investigated the electrophysiological actions of dofetilide upon the ventricular myocardium to determine whether the drug modifies the inhibitory effects of subthreshold stimuli trains upon ventricular refractoriness. In nine Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts, ventricular epicardial electrodes were used to determine the following parameters at baseline and during dofetilide perfusion (0.5 micromolar): effective (ERP) and functional (FRP) refractory periods, conduction velocity (CV), wavelength (WL), and ERP prolongation (inhibitory effect) induced by subthreshold stimuli trains (STr) at pulse frequencies of 100, 300, and 600 Hz. Dofetilide significantly prolongs ventricular refractorine…

Cardiac troponin release during and after endurance exercise: epidemiologic health implications.

2020

Physical activity responsive miRNAs – Potential mediators of training responses in human skeletal muscle?

2013

1. The basics of miRNA-mediated regulation The plasticity of skeletal muscle is of utmost importance for responding to and coping with environmental demands that emerge from changes in physical activity patterns, nourishment, hormonal status, and health. As is well known, a sedentary lifestyle, aging, immobilization, and chronic diseases are associated with reduced muscle mass and function, while regular exercise improves muscle function and reduces the rate of decrement throughout life. 1 However, we do not have a complete understanding of the molecular factors controlling skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise stimuli. Recently identified microRNA molecules (miRNAs) have rapidly gained at…