Search results for "ARBUSCULAR"
showing 10 items of 167 documents
Dissection of Genetic Cell Programmes Driving Early Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Interactions
2008
The persistence through evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis between Glomeromycota and plants is probably due to a widespread molecular dialogue between the two partners. Most studies have focussed on established mycorrhizal systems whilst evidence for cellular commitment of the symbiotic partners during early developmental phases is recent. Whereas spore germination by AM fungi can occur spontaneously, subsequent hyphal branching, appressoria differentiation, root penetration and intraradical development leading to symbiosis establishment are under the control of molecular interactions between the two partners. In this chapter, recent work on AM fungus–plant interactions i…
Medicago truncatula
2012
In plants, long distance transport of sugars from photosynthetic source leaves to sink organs comprises different crucial steps depending on the species and organ types. Sucrose, the main carbohydrate for long distance transport is synthesized in the mesophyll and then loaded into the phloem. After long distance transport through the phloem vessels, sucrose is finally unloaded towards sink organs. Alternatively, sugar can also be transferred to non‐plant sinks and plant colonization by heterotrophic organisms increases the sink strength and creates an additional sugar demand for the host plant. These sugar fluxes are coordinated by transport systems. Main sugar transporters in plants compri…
Medicago species affect the community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with roots
2007
National audience; The symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is ancient and involves 80% of terrestrial plant families. The symbiotic association between AMF and plants was described to be non specific. However, AMF were reported to influence plant community diversity and productivity. On the other way, the effect of plant genotypes belonging to closely related species on AMF diversity has not been explored so far. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of four different Medicago species, M. laciniata, M. murex, M. polymorpha and M. truncatula cv. Jemalong J5, on the composition of AM fungal community, when cultivated in a silty-thin clay soil (Mas d’Imbert,…
Effect of rhizosphère bacteria and endomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Christmas rose (Helleborus niger L.)
2010
International audience; Micropropagated and vegetative (by rhizome cuttings) propagated plants of Christmas rose ( Helleborus niger L.) were tested for their responses to the inoculation with microorganisms in order to optimize root growth and development. In our experiment, plants were inoculated with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi or/and Agrobacterium radiobacter . The investigation indicated that inoculation with A. radiobacter had significantly positive effect on growth and development of plants multiplicated by in vitro techniques as compared to the dual inoculation. This study indicates that, biotization can be beneficial to plant growth in in vitro plant production systems but inoc…
The Medicago truncatula hypermycorrhizal B9 mutant displays an altered response to phosphate and is more susceptible to Aphanomyces euteiches.
2014
SPE IPM; National audience; Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a key role in the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, which is favoured when Pi is limiting in the environment. We have characterized the Medicago truncatula hypermycorrhizal B9 mutant for its response to limiting (P/10) and replete (P2) Pi. On P2, mycorrhization was significantly higher in B9 plants than in wild-type (WT). The B9 mutant displayed hallmarks of Pi-limited plants, including higher levels of anthocyanins and lower concentrations of Pi in shoots than WT plants. Transcriptome analyses of roots of WT and B9 plants cultivated on P2 or on P/10 confirmed the Pi-limited profile of the mutant on P2 and highli…
Strategies for analyzing interactions between arbuscular mycorrhiza and bacteria
2013
National audience
Transcriptional response of Medicago truncatula sulphate transporters to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with and without sulphur stress
2013
Sulphur is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, development and response to various abiotic and biotic stresses due to its key role in the biosynthesis of many S-containing compounds. Sulphate represents a very small portion of soil S pull and it is the only form that plant roots can uptake and mobilize through H(+)-dependent co-transport processes implying sulphate transporters. Unlike the other organically bound forms of S, sulphate is normally leached from soils due to its solubility in water, thus reducing its availability to plants. Although our knowledge of plant sulphate transporters has been growing significantly in the past decades, little is still known about the effect of…
Soil Nutrient and Water providers: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycelia Support Plant Performance in a Resource-Limited World
2007
International audience
BioVine project - Increase plant health through mycorrhizal fungi
2021
National audience; Organic vineyards still rely on large external inputs to control harmful organisms. BIOVINEwill develop natural solutions based on plant diversity to control pests and reduce pesticidedependence. The capacity of plants of increasing the ecosystem resistance to pests and invasivespecies is a well-known ecosystem service. However, monocultures like vineyards do notexploit the potential of plant diversity. BIOVINE aims to develop new viticultural systemsbased on increased plant diversity within (e.g. cover crops) and/or around vineyards by plantingselected plant species for the control of arthropods, soil-borne pests (oomycetes, fungi,nematodes), and foliar pathogens. Candid…
Caracterisation for ancient wheat varieties for their ability to form mycorrhiza and grain quality impact
2014
Wheat (kind Tritucum aestivum, Poaceae family) is a very important cereal ofagronomic interest. Some very ancient varieties are set aside for recent varieties often selected to meet a consumer intensive cultivation of pesticides. Organic farming production system assuming a reduction of synthetic chemical inputs in order to preserve the ecosystem can be defined as a practice where the use of synthetic fertilizers, chemical pesticides and genetically modified organisms is prohibited. This practice is gaining more and more popularity and the amount of land cultivated in this way has increased by 60% between 2000 and 2004. Constraints associated with the production of organic grains include lo…