Search results for "ARDS"
showing 10 items of 1705 documents
Decentralization as an incentive scheme when regional differences are large
2010
It has been suggested that large regional differences could be an obstacle to that part of the political accountability of office-holders which is based on yardstick competition among governments. The paper addresses that question and concludes that the obstacle is not too serious in general. The second part of the paper is devoted to the persistent economic underperformance of some regions in countries such as Germany, Italy and (with regard to regions overseas) France. How is it that the mechanism of yardstick competition induces a convergence of economic performance among European Union member countries, even those particularly poor initially, but fails to induce all the underperforming …
Major typhoon phases in the upper Gulf of Thailand over the last 1.5 millennia, determined from coastal deposits on rock islands
2018
Abstract Rapid growth of Asian megacities, exemplified by the megacity of Bangkok, Thailand, with a population of over 10 million inhabitants, means that an increasing number of people are living in low-lying coastal areas exposed to hazards such as typhoons. While Bangkok has always been considered not to be at risk from typhoon strikes, recent discoveries of elevated carbonate boulder deposits have started to question this assumption. This work reports on findings from the islands of Ko Khang Khao and Ko Phai, farther north and west than earlier studies, and adds to the existing body of evidence for prehistorical typhoon-driven high energy marine inundation (HEMI) events penetrating north…
Italian multicenter study on infection hazards during dental practice: Control of environmental microbial contamination in public dental surgeries
2008
Abstract Background The present study assessed microbial contamination in Italian dental surgeries. Methods An evaluation of water, air and surface microbial contamination in 102 dental units was carried out in eight Italian cities. Results The findings showed water microbial contamination in all the dental surgeries; the proportion of water samples with microbial levels above those recommended decreased during working. With regard to Legionella spp., the proportion of positive samples was 33.3%. During work activity, the index of microbial air contamination (IMA) increased. The level of microbial accumulation on examined surfaces did not change over time. Conclusion These findings confirm …
On-line analysis of carbonyl compounds with derivatization in aqueous extracts of atmospheric particulate PM10 by in-tube solid-phase microextraction…
2011
Abstract A new device for carbonyl compounds based on coupling on-line and miniaturizing both, sample pretreatment and chromatographic separation, is reported. Two capillary columns, a GC capillary column (95% methyl–5% phenyl substituted backbone, 70 cm × 0.32 mm i.d., 3 μm film thickness) in the injection valve for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) and a Zorbax SB C18 (150 mm × 0.5 mm i.d., 5 μm particle diameter) LC capillary column were employed. Different combinations of IT-SPME and derivatization using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) were examined for mixtures containing 15 carbonyl compounds (aliphatic, aromatic and unsaturated aldehydes and ketones). A screening analys…
New micromethod combining miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion and in-tube in-valve solid-phase microextraction for estimating polycyclic aroma…
2008
Abstract Miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed for the extraction of common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from bivalve samples (100 mg, dry weight). Additional clean-up and analyte enrichment was accomplished by in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME). For this purpose the extracts collected after MSPD were diluted with water and injected into a capillary column coated with the extractive phase. This capillary column was connected to the analytical column by means of a switching valve. Separation and quantification of the PAHs were carried out using a monolithic LC column and fluorescence detection. Since the in-tube SPME device allowed the processing …
Fishing for a drug: solid-phase microextraction for the assay of clozapine in human plasma
1999
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was investigated as a sample preparation method for assaying the neuroleptic drug clozapine in human plasma. A mixture of human plasma, water, loxapine (as internal standard) and aqueous NaOH was extracted with a 100-micron polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber (Supelco). Desorption of the fiber was performed in the injection port of a gas chromatograph at 260 degrees C (HP 5890; 30 m x 0.53 mm I.D., 1 micron film capillary; nitrogen-phosphorous selective detection). Fibers were used repeatedly in up to about 75 analyses. The recovery was found to be 3% for clozapine from plasma after 30 min of extraction. However, in spite of the low recovery, the analyte was…
Determination of water-soluble UV-filters in sunscreen sprays by liquid chromatography.
2002
Abstract Liquid chromatography was used for the determination of the three most used water-soluble UV filters, benzophenone-4 (BZ4), terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid (TDS), and phenylbenzimidazole sulphonic acid (PBS), in aqueous sunscreen sprays. A C 18 stationary phase and an isocratic mobile phase of EtOH–20 m M sodium acetate buffer of pH 4.6 (30:70, v/v) were used at a flow-rate of 0.5 ml min −1 . Mobile phase was also used as solvent for samples and standards. UV detection was at 313 nm. The analytical run took 5.5 min. The limits of detection were 0.5, 0.9 and 2 μg ml −1 for BZ4, TDS and PBS, respectively. The proposed method does not involve highly toxic solvents.
Solid-Phase Microextraction Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Determine Postharvest Fungicides in Fruits
2003
A method to determine five postharvest fungicides (dichloran, flutriafol, o-phenylphenol, prochloraz, tolclofos methyl) in fruits (cherries, lemons, oranges, peaches) has been developed using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) with photodiode array (DAD), mass spectrometry (MS), or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with ion trap detection. Extraction involved sample homogenization with an acetone/water solution (5:1), filtration, and acetone evaporation prior to fiber extraction. The pesticides were isolated with a fused-silica fiber coated with 50-microm Carbowax/template resin. The effects of pH, ion strength, sample volume, and extraction time were in…
Identification of lipid binders in old oil paintings by separation of 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin derivatives of fatty acids by liquid chromatogr…
2005
A HPLC-fluorescence method for identification of drying oils from binding media or protective film used in pictorial works of art prior to conservation or restoration is proposed. Fluorescence derivatization of fatty acids released by hydrolysis of structural drying oils is studied. The derivatization reagent was 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin with 18-crown-6 as catalyst. Mobile phase was programmed from methanol-water (90:10 v/v) to methanol-water (100:0 v/v) in 25 min. The excitation and emission wavelengths were 325 and 395 nm, respectively. Under these chromatographic conditions, coumarin derivatives of myristic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids were satisfactorily resolved. The met…
eta1-Allypalladium complexes with tridentate PNP’ ligand for the assembly of modified Screen Printed Electrodes: an electrochemical study.
2015
Specific Pd-based organometallic complex, in particular the [Pd(η1-CH2–CH=CH2)(P–N–P’)]BF4 was used for the assembly of chemically modified Screen Printed Electrodes (SPEs) and their electrochemical reactivity was also investigated. For this purpose potassium ferricyanide, hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, sodium hexachloroiridate-(III) hydrate, ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), acetaminophen (Ac), guanine (G) and adenine (A) were used to study the electron-transfer processes, which occurred at modified SPEs, fabricated by using the [Pd(η1-CH2–CH=CH2)(P–N–P’)]BF4, applying the drop casting procedure. Interesting results were obtained in the case of the guanine (G) quantitative detection,…