Search results for "AREA"
showing 10 items of 3002 documents
Impact of Trade Area Environment on Bank’s Comparative Advantages
2004
This paper analyzes the relationship between the comparative advantages of bank branches and the trade area environment. Bank branches are points of sale whose trade environment influences their activities and performance. Comparative advantages are defined, for each output mix, by the strict dominance of a production technology in a specific trade area over the production technologies of other environments. Using Shephard’s output distance functions on a sample of 728 bank branches, we compare the production technologies for different output mixes and different trade environments. We show that none of the production technologies strictly dominates the others and none of them is strictly do…
Collecting and preserving plant DNA for huanglongbing diagnosis in citrus samples from China
2016
Accurate and sensitive detection of Citrus Huanglongbing associated ‘Ca. Liberibacter’species, not currently reported in the European and Mediterranean area, is an imperative need to define certification programs, to prevent introduction of the bacteria and/or their vectors in the unaffected areas, and to delineate efficient management strategies in those areas where the disease has spread. In this study, we compared different citrus sample preparation procedures for PCR based detection methods of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, in order to find out the best a way to transport and preserve samples of Shatangju mandarin and fingered citron obtained during a survey in citrus orchards in …
Cave bear occupation in Schwabenreith Cave, Austria, during the early last glacial: constraints from 230 Th/U‐dated speleothems
2019
The cave bear was a prominent member of the Upper Pleistocene fauna in Eurasia. While breakthroughs were recently achieved with respect to its phylogeny using ancient DNA techniques, it is still challenging to date cave bear fossils beyond the radiocarbon age range. Without an accurate and precise chronological framework, however, key questions regarding the palaeoecology cannot be addressed, such as the extent to which large climate swings during the last glacial affected the habitat and possibly even conditioned the final extinction of this mammal. Key to constraining the age of cave bear fossils older than the lower limit of radiocarbon dating is to date interlayered speleothems using 23…
Hexakis(diethylacetamide)iron(II) hexahalorhenate(IV) ionic salts: X-ray structures and magnetic properties
2015
Two novel Fe<sup>II</sup>-Re<sup>IV</sup> compounds of general formula [Fe<sup>II</sup>(DEA)<inf>6</inf>][Re<sup>IV</sup>X<inf>6</inf>] where DEA = diethylacetamide and X = Cl (1) and Br (2) have been prepared and magnetostructurally characterised. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphic ionic salts that crystallise in the trigonal crystal system with space group R(-3). The rhenium(IV) ion in 1 and 2 is six-coordinate with six chloro (1) or bromo (2) ligands building a regular octahedral chromophore. The Fe<sup>II</sup> ion is also six-coordinate, and bonded to six oxygen atoms from six DEA molecules. [Fe<sup>…
The transition state and cognate concepts
2019
Abstract This review aims firstly to clarify the meanings of key terms and concepts associated with the idea of the transition state, as developed by theoreticians and applied by experimentalist, and secondly to provide an update to the meaning and significance of the transition state in an era when computational simulation, in which complexity is being increasingly incorporated, is commonly employed as a means by which to bridge the realms of theory and experiment. The relationship between the transition state and the potential-energy surface for an elementary reaction is explored, with discussion of the following terms: saddle point, minimum-energy reaction path, reaction coordinate, acti…
The impact of quantitative easing on UK bank lending: Why banks do not lend to businesses?
2021
Abstract The growing proportion of UK bank lending to the financial sector reached a peak in 2007 just before the onset of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This marks a trend in the dwindling amount of bank lending to private sector non-financial corporations (PNFCs), which was exacerbated with the Great Recession. Many central banks aimed to revive bank lending with quantitative easing (QE) and unconventional monetary policy. We propose an agent based computational economics (ACE) model which combines the main factors in the economic environment of QE and Basel regulatory framework to analyse why UK banks do not prioritize lending to non-financial businesses. The lower bond yields caused…
Economic Support during the COVID Crisis. Quantitative Easing and Lending Support Schemes in the UK
2021
Abstract We investigate how UK bank business lending responded to the simultaneous use of quantitative easing, leverage ratio capital requirements, and government COVID lending support schemes. We find no evidence that the Brexit wave increased lending to nonfinancial businesses, compared to the previous waves, except for QE-banks subject to the UK leverage ratio, suggesting that the ratio incentivised QE-banks to lend to businesses. The government schemes helped expand lending especially to SMEs post the COVID wave, indicating that complementing QE with other credit easing programmes can reinforce its impact on lending to the real economy. During COVID-stress, changes to the UK leverage ra…
Dynamical learning of a photonics quantum-state engineering process
2021
Abstract. Experimental engineering of high-dimensional quantum states is a crucial task for several quantum information protocols. However, a high degree of precision in the characterization of the noisy experimental apparatus is required to apply existing quantum-state engineering protocols. This is often lacking in practical scenarios, affecting the quality of the engineered states. We implement, experimentally, an automated adaptive optimization protocol to engineer photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) states. The protocol, given a target output state, performs an online estimation of the quality of the currently produced states, relying on output measurement statistics, and determine…
FRCM systems for strengthening masonry structures
2017
Composite materials have been widely used for strengthening weak masonry buildings. Particularly, wrapping with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has become a common method for strengthening masonry members primarily subjected to compressive static loads or seismic actions. More recently, in an effort to alleviate some drawbacks associated with the use of FRP materials, fibrereinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites have received a lot of interests for external strengthening of historical masonry structures. It is used as an alternative to FRP in situations where these composites have shown some disadvantages or their use is banned. This paper presents a literature review on …
Two-dimensional Banach spaces with polynomial numerical index zero
2009
We study two-dimensional Banach spaces with polynomial numerical indices equal to zero.