Search results for "ARISA"
showing 10 items of 310 documents
L'enjeu de la scolarisation en milieu rural et les défis du développement de la couverture scolaire au niveau du premier cycle du secondaire
2010
Enligne sur le site de l'AFD : http://www.afd-chine.org/jahia/webdav/site/afd/users/admirecherche/public/DT/DT_94_-_L_enjeu_de_la_scolarisation_en_milieu_rural_version_electronique.zip; Document de travail de l'Agence Française de Développement, n°94, mai 2010; Les progrès en cours dans la couverture de l'enseignement primaire dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne vont résulter d'une façon ou d'une autre dans une expansion significative du premier cycle de l'enseignement secondaire. Au-delà des besoins de réflexions sur une nouvelle politique sectorielle dans la plupart des pays, il importe de savoir que cette expansion touchera d'abord les populations rurales dans la mesure où la couvertur…
Thermogalvanic effects on the corrosion of copper in heavy brine LiBr solutions
2012
Thermogalvanic corrosion of copper in heavy brine LiBr solutions has been investigated using a zero-resistance ammeter (ZRA). The temperature gradients between copper electrodes immersed in the same LiBr solution result in the formation of thermogalvanic cells with hot anodes, leading to high and sustained thermogalvanic currents. Copper loss rates, calculated using Faraday's law, substantially exceed 0.025mmyear -1, a value regarded as the threshold of low corrosion rates. The effects of thermogalvanic coupling on the surface properties of the anode and the cathode have been analysed by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results obtained in this analysis have been r…
Demand for Primary Schooling in Rural Mali : Should User Fees Be Increased ?
1996
International audience; This paper presents estimates of the price elasticity of demand for primary schooling, using household and school survey data from rural Mali. The elasticity of enrolment with respect to the local school fee is compared with the effects on enrolment of distance to the school and various indicators of school quality, including books per classroom and the number of grades offered. Fees have a negative effect; however, certain improvements in school quality could easily offset in terms of enrolment any negative effect of higher fees to finance such improvements. For example, the astonishingly low average of two books per classroom could be doubled for a 10 per cent incr…
Within and between firm trends in job polarization : the roles of globalization and technology
2019
AbstractWe analyze occupational polarization within and across firms using a census of matched employer–employee panel data from Finland in the period of 2000–2014. As in most industrialized countries, the Finnish occupational distribution has polarized over the last decades. Using decomposition analysis, we find that jobs involving low-level service tasks increase mostly through the entry dynamics, while the high-level abstract task share increases largely within continuing firms. Worker-level occupational mobility points to some skill upgrading within continuing firms, while labor force entry and retirement contribute the polarizing trend. Instrumental variables (IVs) regressions confirm …
Questions d'alphabétisation dans le contexte africain
2012
Despite the proportion of illiterate people in sub-Saharan Africa having declined between 1985 and 2008, the number of illiterates has actually increased during the period. It is within this context, that since April 2000, the international community has been committed to six Education for All goals. One of these goals is to achieve a 50 per cent improvement in adult literacy levels by 2015. This thesis aims to analyse how primary education and literacy programs (two processes on which educational policy can intervene) enable the populations of sub-Saharan Africa to acquire basic reading skills. In the vast majority of African countries, the analysis based on household surveys shows that sc…
La vulgarisation scientifique et les doctorants : mesure de l'engagement, exploration d'effets sur le chercheur
2018
We ask two questions: what are the factors that influence researchers’ public engagement activities (PEA)? And what are the impacts of these activities on the researcher? After presenting a historical overview of PEA, we analyze 20 surveys carried out between 1967 and 2014. We identify some global trends: PEA is generally positively perceived, researcher’s engagement is occasional but robust. Besides those trends some differences appear between studies based on theoretical models and empirical studies: the latter report complaints such as lack of time or lack of recognition, whereas theoretical-based ones challenge these statements.To further explore our two questions, we used two approache…
L'impact des services de vulgarisation agricole : revue de la littérature
1981
Référence interne : 81006; Cette étude est une tentative de synthèse de la littérature mondiale sur l'impact des services de vulgarisation agricole. Elle montre que les évaluations de l'efficacité interne des services de vulgarisation sont en général critiques : les services de vulgarisation sont présentés comme peu efficaces ; ils ne touchent qu'une minorité d'agriculteurs (ceux qui sont déjà les mieux dotés) ; ils poursuivent de mauvais objectifs et ne sont que de peu d'utilité pour promouvoir le développement rural.L'auteur souligne que ces diagnostics tendent à être excessifs, exagérément pessimistes, et que leurs auteurs n'ont pas toujours des critères d'évaluation appropriés. De plus,…
L'extension de l'offre d'enseignement supérieur : causes ou conséquences des scolarisations
1979
International audience
Les effets de la modification de la carte universitaire 1960-1975
1978
International audience
Residual strain effects on the two-dimensional electron gas concentration of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
2001
Ga-face AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with different sheet carrier concentrations have been studied by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to bulk GaN, an energy shift of the excitonic emission lines towards higher energies was observed, indicating the presence of residual compressive strain in the GaN layer. This strain was confirmed by the shift of the E2 Raman line, from which biaxial compressive stresses ranging between 0.34 and 1.7 GPa were deduced. The spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations for each layer of the heterostructures have been also calculated. The analysis of these quantities clarified the influence of the residual stress on the sheet electron concentratio…