Search results for "ASEM"
showing 10 items of 579 documents
The role of Finnish leftists in Soviet-Finnish artistic exchanges during the late socialist period
2020
The article examines artistic exchanges between the USSR and Finland from the viewpoint of the Finnish left. After WWII, Finland was in a difficult geopolitical position; although not occupied by the USSR, it received little support from the West and so remained an independent capitalist democracy, with little foreign leverage. The Soviet influence was felt in many areas, and throughout the Cold War, Finland received many more world-class Soviet artists than any other Western country. This was in part a consequence of Finland’s proximity to the USSR, but the Finnish Communist Party, a major domestic political force, also played a role. Immediately after the war, organizations associated wit…
Material-driven fibronectin assembly rescues matrix defects due to mutations in collagen IV in fibroblasts
2020
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialised extracellular matrices that provide structural support to tissues as well as influence cell behaviour and signalling. Mutations in COL4A1/COL4A2, a major BM component, cause a familial form of eye, kidney and cerebrovascular disease, including stroke, while common variants in these genes are a risk factor for intracerebral haemorrhage in the general population. These phenotypes are associated with matrix defects, due to mutant protein incorporation in the BM and/or its absence by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention. However, the effects of these mutations on matrix stiffness, the contribution of the matrix to the disease mechanism(s) and its effects…
Different adhesins for type IV collagen on Candida albicans: identification of a lectin-like adhesin recognizing the 7S(IV) domain
2001
Adherence of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans to basement membrane (BM) proteins is considered a crucial step in the development of candidiasis. In this study the interactions of C. albicans yeast cells with the three main domains of type IV collagen, a major BM glycoprotein, were analysed. C. albicans adhered to the three immobilized domains by different mechanisms. Adhesion to the N-terminal cross-linking domain (7S) required the presence of divalent cations, whereas interaction with the central collagenous domain (CC) was cation-independent. Recognition of the C-terminal non-collagenous domain (NC1) was partially cation-dependent. Binding inhibition assays with the correspondi…
Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Kidney Disease Highlights Biology Involved in Glomerular Basement Membrane Collagen
2019
BACKGROUND: Although diabetic kidney disease demonstrates both familial clustering and single nucleotide polymorphism heritability, the specific genetic factors influencing risk remain largely unknown.METHODS: To identify genetic variants predisposing to diabetic kidney disease, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses. Through collaboration with the Diabetes Nephropathy Collaborative Research Initiative, we assembled a large collection of type 1 diabetes cohorts with harmonized diabetic kidney disease phenotypes. We used a spectrum of ten diabetic kidney disease definitions based on albuminuria and renal function.RESULTS: Our GWAS meta-analysis included association result…
Vitamin A deficiency disturbs collagen IV and laminin composition and decreases matrix metalloproteinase concentrations in rat lung. Partial reversib…
2011
Vitamin A is essential for lung development and pulmonary cell differentiation. Its deficiency leads to altered lung structure and function and to basement membrane architecture and composition disturbances. Previously, we showed that lack of retinoids thickens the alveolar basement membrane and increases collagen IV, which are reversed by retinoic acid, the main biologically active vitamin A form. This study analyzed how vitamin A deficiency affects the subunit composition of collagen IV and laminin of lung basement membranes and pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase content, plus the recovering effect of all-trans-retinoic acid. Male weanling pups were fed a retinol-adequate/-deficient diet …
Characterization and Expression of Multiple Alternatively Spliced Transcripts of the Goodpasture Antigen Gene Region. Goodpasture Antibodies Recogniz…
1995
Collagen IV, the major component of basement membranes, is composed of six distinct alpha chains (alpha 1-alpha 6). Atypically among the collagen IV genes, the exons encoding the carboxyl-terminal region of the human alpha 3(IV) chain undergo alternative splicing. This region has been designated as the Goodpasture antigen because of its reactivity in the kidney and lung with the pathogenic autoantibodies causing Goodpasture syndrome. The data presented in this report demonstrate that, in human kidney, the gene region encompassing the Goodpasture antigen generates at least six alternatively spliced transcripts predicting five distinct proteins that differ in their carboxyl-terminus and retai…
Tracking the evolution of warning signals
1996
EVOLUTIONARYstudies are hampered by a lack of experimental ways in which to test past events such as the origination of aposematism1–7, whereby unpalatable or poisonous prey signal their unprofitability, often by being warningly coloured. Inexperienced predators do learn to avoid unpalatable prey as a result of such signals8–10, but in addition there may be an inherited cautiousness about attacking when common or conspicuous warning signals are evident11–16. As current predators are not naive in the evolutionary sense, it is still not resolved3–7,17,18 whether aposematism originated only in aggregations of prey19,20 or among solitary prey as well21–23. Here we explore this controversy in ev…
ViziQuer: A Visual Notation for RDF Data Analysis Queries
2019
Visual SPARQL query notations aim at easing the RDF data querying task. At the current state of the art there is still no generally accepted visual graph-based notation suitable to describe RDF data analysis queries that involve aggregation and subqueries. In this paper we present a visual diagram-centered notation for SPARQL select query formulation, capable to handle aggregate/statistics queries and hierarchic queries with subquery structure. The notation is supported by a web-based prototype tool. We present the notation examples, describe its syntax and semantics and describe studies with possible end users, involving both IT and medicine students.
Knowledge Transfer Within Artisan Families in Early Nineteenth-Century Rural Finland
2019
In nineteenth‑century Finland, artisans constituted an important part of society, and the majority of them lived in the countryside. Rural artisans were jacks-of-all-trades who met the needs of country folk. This chapter studies the rural artisans’ children and explores how craft knowledge was often transferred to the next generation. In early modern society, it was only natural that the son followed his father’s trade. This was a matter of societal stability and maintaining the social order. It was also practical to invest in the children’s future by transferring the family’s craft knowledge and skills to the offspring, who would provide future care for the elders in turn. Nonetheless, not…
Lithotectonic elements and geological events in the Hengshan–Wutai–Fuping belt: a synthesis and implications for the evolution of the Trans-North Chi…
2007
The Hengshan–Wutai–Fuping belt is located in the middle segment of the Trans-North China Orogen, a Palaeoproterozoic continental collisional belt along which the Eastern and Western blocks amalgamated to form the North China Craton. The belt consists of the medium- to high-grade Hengshan and Fuping gneiss complexes and the intervening low- to medium-grade Wutai granite–greenstone terrane, and most igneous rocks in the belt are calc-alkaline and have affinities to magmatic arcs. Previous tectonic models assumed that the Hengshan and Fuping gneiss assemblages were an older basement to the Wutai supracrustal rocks, but recent studies indicate that the three complexes constitute a single, long-…