Search results for "ATAL"
showing 10 items of 10591 documents
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in Neonates: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis
2019
Purpose: Surgical site infections (SSI) contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality in children. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and identify risk factors for SSI in neonates. Methods: Using a defined strategy, three investigators searched articles on neonatal SSI published since 2000. Studies on neonates and/or patients admitted to neonatal intensive care unit following cervical/thoracic/abdominal surgery were included. Risk factors were identified from comparative studies. Meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using RevMan 5.3. Data are (mean ± SD) prevalence. Results: Systematic review—of 885 abstracts screened, 48 studies (27,760 neonates) were includ…
Molecular typing of Candida albicans isolates from patients and health care workers in a neonatal intensive care unit
2011
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relatedness between Candida albicans isolates and to assess their nosocomial origin and the likeliness of cross-transmission between health care workers (HCWs) and hospitalized neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: We retrospectively analysed 82 isolates obtained from 40 neonates and seven isolates from onychomycosis of the fingers of five HCWs in a Tunisian NICU by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis with CA1 and CA2 as primers. Results: In RAPD analysis, the discriminatory power (DP) of CA1 and CA2 primers was 0·86 and 0·81, respectively. A h…
Is the implementation of a microbiological surveillance screening beneficial in a neonatal intensive care unit?
2015
s of the 51st Workshop for Pediatric Research 51st Workshop for Pediatric Research Gottingen, Germany 16-17 April 2015 This supplement has not been sponsored. Meeting abstracts Background and aims Bacteria that cause nosocomial infections have often been found to colonize the patient's skin, respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract previously. In 2012 and 2013, the German Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infectious Disease Prevention recommended a microbiological screening of infants on neonatal intensive care units. Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) that should be considered in empiric antibiotic therapy, bacteria that cause invasive infections and bacteria that may elicit epidemic …
Safety of in-neonatal intensive care unit administration of rotavirus vaccination among preterms
2020
Abstract Background Rotavirus is among the most common vaccine preventable illness in children under 5 years old. Despite increased severity of rotaviral illness in early infancy, most neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) do not administer rotavirus vaccination. The present project aims to evaluate the safety of in-neonatal intenive care unit administration of the monovalent live, attenuated rotavirus vaccination to preterm newborns in Sicily. Methods From the first of March 2018 within the six most important NICUs of Sicily (three located in Palermo, two in Catania and one in Messina), and under the scientific coordination of the University of Palermo and of the Regional Health Department…
Returns to Childbirth Technologies: Evidence from Preterm Births
2013
We investigate the impact of obstetrician supervision, as opposed to midwife supervision, on the short-term health of low-risk newborns. We exploit a unique policy rule in the Netherlands that creates a large discontinuity in the probability of a low-risk birth being attended by an obstetrician at gestational week 37. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we consistently find no health benefits from obstetrician supervision, despite increased rates of neonatal intensive care unit admissions among births supervised by obstetricians. These results indicate potential cost savings from increased use of midwifery care for low-risk deliveries.
Adverse Events and Unsuccessful Intubation Attempts Are Frequent During Neonatal Nasotracheal Intubations.
2021
Background: Intubation of neonates is difficult and hazardous. Factors associated with procedure-related adverse events and unsuccessful intubation attempts are insufficiently evaluated, especially during neonatal nasotracheal intubations.Objective: Aim of this study was to determine the frequency of tracheal intubation–associated events (TIAEs) during neonatal nasotracheal intubations and to identify factors associated with TIAEs and unsuccessful intubation attempts in our neonatal unit.Methods: This was a prospective, single-site, observational study from May 2017 to November 2019, performed at a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit in a German academic teaching hospital. All endotr…
Antimicrobial therapy in neonatal intensive care unit
2015
Severe infections represent the main cause of neonatal mortality accounting for more than one million neonatal deaths worldwide every year. Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed medications in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and in industrialized countries about 1% of neonates are exposed to antibiotic therapy. Sepsis has often nonspecific signs and symptoms and empiric antimicrobial therapy is promptly initiated in high risk of sepsis or symptomatic infants. However continued use of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in the setting of negative cultures especially in preterm infants may not be harmless. The benefits of antibiotic therapy when indicated are clearly enor…
Combined pre- and postnatal ethanol exposure in rats disturbs the myelination of optic axons.
2011
Aims: To analyse myelination and outgrowth of the optic axons in relation to the neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of ethanol (EtOH) abuse during pregnancy. Methods: An experimental model of chronic EtOH exposure was developed in rats and their offspring by subjecting the dams to a liquid diet (35% of the daily total calories as either EtOH or maltose-dextrose nutritional controls (Con). Eyeballs and optic nerves were obtained at key developmental stages and processed for morphologic, immunocytochemical and immunoblotting procedures, using alternatively antibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP) or neurofilament (NF) protein, and image analysing. Results: A significant delay in onset…
Ocrelizumab initiation in patients with MS
2020
ObjectiveTo provide first real-world experience on patients with MS treated with the B cell–depleting antibody ocrelizumab.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of patients who had received at least 1 treatment cycle (2 infusions) of ocrelizumab at 3 large neurology centers. Patients' characteristics including premedication, clinical disease course, and documented side effects were analyzed.ResultsWe could identify 210 patients (125 women, mean age ± SD, 42.1 ± 11.4 years) who had received ocrelizumab with a mean disease duration of 7.3 years and a median Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 3.75 (interquartile range 2.5–5.5; range 0–8). Twenty-six percent of these patients had a pr…
Natalizumab Discontinuation and Treatment Strategies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Retrospective Study from Two Italian MS Centers
2015
Introduction Natalizumab (NTZ) discontinuation can be followed by multiple sclerosis (MS) disease reactivation. Currently no disease-modifying drug (DMD) has been shown to be able to abolish disease reactivation. The aims of the current study were: (1) to determine the frequency of MS reactivation after NTZ discontinuation; (2) to evaluate predictors of reactivation risk, and (3) to compare the effect of different treatments in reducing this risk. Methods Data from 132 patients with MS followed-up for 2 years before NTZ treatment and 1 year after interruption were collected from two Italian MS centers and retrospectively evaluated. Results Overall, 72 of 132 patients (54.5%) had relapses af…