Search results for "ATAL"

Procedural aspects of the organization of the comprehensive European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma examination.

2016

International audience; The comprehensive European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma (EBOD) examination is one of 38 European medical specialty examinations. This review aims at disclosing the specific procedures and content of the EBOD examination. It is a descriptive study summarizing the present organization of the EBOD examination. It is the 3rd largest European postgraduate medical assessment after anaesthesiology and cardiology. The master language is English for the Part 1 written test (knowledge test with 52 modified type X multiple-choice questions) (in the past the written test was also available in French and German). Ophthalmology training of minimum 4 years in a full or associated…

Spectrum of mutations in the renin-angiotensin system genes in autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis

2012

Autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) is a severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by early onset and persistent fetal anuria leading to oligohydramnios and the Potter sequence, associated with skull ossification defects. Early death occurs in most cases from anuria, pulmonary hypoplasia, and refractory arterial hypotension. The disease is linked to mutations in the genes encoding several components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): AGT (angiotensinogen), REN (renin), ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), and AGTR1 (angiotensin II receptor type 1). Here, we review the series of 54 distinct mutations identified in 48 unrelated families. Most of them are no…

2020

Background: ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein) are co-localized at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where they restrict the brain distribution of many different drugs. Moreover, ABCB1 and possibly ABCG2 play a role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by mediating the brain clearance of beta-amyloid (Aβ) across the BBB. This study aimed to compare the abundance and activity of ABCG2 in a commonly used β-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21) with age-matched wild-type mice. Methods: The abundance of ABCG2 was assessed by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of brain slices of APP/PS1-21 and wild-type mice aged 6 months. Moreover, the brain distribution of two d…

Prenatal diagnosis of mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease)

1976

A pregnancy at risk for mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) was monitored in which an affected fetus was predicted on the basis of the analyses of lysosomal hydrolases in amniotic fluid and cultured amniotic fluid cells, and by the demonstration of an excessive accumulation of [35S] sulfate-labeled glycosaminoglycans in cultured amniotic cells. This diagnosis was confirmed by performing enzyme assays and [35S] sulfate incorporation studies on material derived from the aborted fetus.

The Activation Pattern of the Antioxidant Enzymes in the Right Ventricle of Rat in Response to Pressure Overload is of Heart Failure Type

2003

In the left ventricle subjected to pressure overload activity, the antioxidant enzymes increased at the hyperfunctional stage. During the transition to heart failure, these enzymes are down-regulated, oxidative stress increases, and apoptosis progresses. Maladaptative activation of the antioxidant enzymes at an early stage may contribute to the intrinsic vulnerability of right ventricle to pressure overload. The authors studied changes in expression and activity of the enzymes manganese and copper-zinc superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the right ventricle of rat following induction of pulmonary hypertension by injection of monocrotaline. Increase in the manganes…

Centenarians overexpress BCL-xL, which confers them a protection against apoptosis, oxidative stress and immunosenescence

2015

Centenarians not only have an extraordinary longevity, but also show a compression of morbidity. They preserve the capacity of maintaining homeostasis, and this is the reason for them to reach such a long life. We studied their mRNA expression profile and identified 1721 mRNAs differentially expressed by centenarians when compared with septuagenarians and young people. A sub-network analysis showed six common genes: interferon, T-cell receptor, tumor necrosis factor, SP1 transcription factor, transforming growth factor and IL-32.These six centenarian-specific genes are related to Bcl-xL, Fas, and Fas ligand all of them involved in the control of apoptosis. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that cen…

Physical exercise neuroprotects ovariectomized 3xTg-AD mice through BDNF mechanisms.

2014

Postmenopausal women may be more vulnerable to cognitive loss and Alzheimer's disease (AD) than premenopausal women because of their deficiency in estrogens, in addition to their usually older age. Aerobic physical exercise has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for maintaining health and well-being in postmenopausal women, and for improving brain health and plasticity in populations at high risk for AD. To study the neuroprotective mechanisms of physical exercise in a postmenopausal animal model, we submitted previously ovariectomized, six-month old non-transgenic and 3xTg-AD mice to three months of voluntary exercise in a running wheel. At nine months of age, we observed lower grip s…

Traditional Chinese medicine research in the post-genomic era: good practice, priorities, challenges and opportunities.

2012

Abstract Background and aims GP-TCM is the 1st EU-funded Coordination Action consortium dedicated to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. This paper aims to summarise the objectives, structure and activities of the consortium and introduces the position of the consortium regarding good practice, priorities, challenges and opportunities in TCM research. Serving as the introductory paper for the GP-TCM Journal of Ethnopharmacology special issue, this paper describes the roadmap of this special issue and reports how the main outputs of the ten GP-TCM work packages are integrated, and have led to consortium-wide conclusions. Materials and methods Literature studies, opinion polls and di…

PHP7 Orphan Drugs for Rare Diseases in the European Union: Bridging the Gap between Drug Development and Unmet Medical Needs?

2011

An Insight into the Role of Postmortem Immunohistochemistry in the Comprehension of the Inflammatory Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Disease and Vaccine-…

2021

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic due to the spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan, China, causing high mortality rates all over the world. The related disease, which mainly affects the lungs, is responsible for the onset of Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD) and a hypercoagulability state, frequently leading to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and multiorgan failure, particularly in old and severe-critically ill patients. In order to find effective therapeutic strategies, many efforts have been made aiming to shed light on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, following the late advent of vaccination campaigns, the need for the comprehension …