Search results for "ATHEROSCLEROSIS"
showing 10 items of 499 documents
Genetics of Inflammation in Age-Related Atherosclerosis: Its Relevance to Pharmacogenomics
2007
In response to tissue injury elicited by trauma or infection, the inflammatory response, as a complex network of molecular and cellular interactions, sets an answer directed to facilitate a return to physiological homeostasis and tissue repair. The role of the genetic background and the subsequent predisposition toward the extent of the inflammatory response is determined by gene variability encoding endogenous mediators involved in the inflammatory pathway. Due to its clinical relevance, the genetics of inflammation in aging will be studied using an inflammatory disease like atherosclerosis as an example. Several studies have reported a significant difference in distribution, between patie…
Diabetes and Ischemic Stroke: An Old and New Relationship an Overview of the Close Interaction between These Diseases
2022
Diabetes mellitus is a comprehensive expression to identify a condition of chronic hyperglycemia whose causes derive from different metabolic disorders characterized by altered insulin secretion or faulty insulin effect on its targets or often both mechanisms. Diabetes and atherosclerosis are, from the point of view of cardio- and cerebrovascular risk, two complementary diseases. Beyond shared aspects such as inflammation and oxidative stress, there are multiple molecular mechanisms by which they feed off each other: chronic hyperglycemia and advanced glycosylation end-products (AGE) promote ‘accelerated atherosclerosis’ through the induction of endothelial damage and cellular dysfunction. …
SYMPTOMATIC ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN A PATIENT BEARER OF HEART TRANSPLANTATION FOLLOWING ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
2008
In 2005 Syeda et al. reported that the major factor limiting the long term of cardiac transplantation is the development of accelerated arteriosclerosis that occurs in the coronary arteries of the cardiac allograft. Transplant arteriosclerosis is characterized by diffuse, uniform, concentric narrowing of the artery by a fibrous proliferation of sub-intima cells. This atherosclerosis was estimate to occur in approximately 50% of patients by 5 years after transplantation. Unfortunately, as a consequence of cardiac denervation, symptoms are often atypical or completely absent. When these are present, the symptoms are those typical of effort angina. Very uncommon is the acute coronary syndrome.…
Role of inflammation and infection in vascular disease
2006
Relationship of infection, inflammation, and atherosclerosis has been a subject of intensive investigation in recent years. Potential mechanisms whereby chronic infections may play a role in atherogenesis are myriad. Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) infection in early life may accelerate atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular complications. Other infections, simultaneously occurring with Cp, may result in a synergistic effect to promote atherosclerosis. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is known to increase the pH level of the gastric juice and to decrease ascorbic acid levels, both of which will lead to a reduced folate absorption. Low folate hampers the methionine synthase reaction. This…
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: new insights and guidance for clinicians to improve detection and clinical management. A position paper fr…
2014
Item does not contain fulltext AIMS: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is a rare life-threatening condition characterized by markedly elevated circulating levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and accelerated, premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Given recent insights into the heterogeneity of genetic defects and clinical phenotype of HoFH, and the availability of new therapeutic options, this Consensus Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolaemia of the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) critically reviewed available data with the aim of providing clinical guidance for the recognition and management of HoFH. METHODS AND RESULTS: Early diagn…
Non invasive imaging of coronary arteries with 64-slice CT and 1.5T MRI: challenging invasive techniques
2007
Non-invasive coronary artery imaging challenges any diagnostic modality, because of the complex and tortuous anatomy and cardiac contraction and respiration. Therefore, non-invasive coronary imaging requires high spatial and temporal resolution. Our purpose is to discuss the feasible applications in coronary imaging of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multi-slice Computed Tomography (MSCT). Focus will be devoted to potential indications and clinical impact of MSCT because of the fast development and the important results recently reported, in particular with the recent introduction of 64-slice equipments. MSCT of the coronary arteries is a promising imaging modality for the assessment of coro…
Complement and atherosclerosis—united to the point of no return?
2012
Atherosclerosis is widely regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease that develops as a consequence of entrapment of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial intima and its interaction with components of both innate and adaptive immunity. This article reviews the role of the complement system in the context of a different concept on atherogenesis. Arguments are forwarded in support of the contention that enzymatic and not oxidative modification of LDL is the prerequisite for transforming the lipoprotein into a moiety that is recognized by the innate immune system. In a departure from general wisdom, it is proposed that these processes are initially not pathological. To the con…
The Role of the Coagulation System in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Interactions with the Arterial Wall and Its Vascular Microenvironment and Implicat…
2022
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic disease with a large-scale impact on the economy and global health. Despite the role played by platelets in the process of atherogenesis being well recognized, evidence has been increasing on the contribution of the coagulation system to the atherosclerosis formation and PAD development, with important repercussions for the therapeutic approach. Histopathological analysis and some clinical studies conducted on atherosclerotic plaques testify to the existence of different types of plaques. Likely, the role of coagulation in each specific type of plaque can be an important determinant in the histopathological compo…
Deep semantic lung segmentation for tracking potential pulmonary perfusion biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): The multi‐ethn…
2019
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of imaging biomarkers for phenotyping is necessary for future treatment and therapy monitoring. However, translation of visual analytic pipelines into clinics or their use in large-scale studies is significantly slowed by time-consuming postprocessing steps. Purpose To implement an automated tool chain for regional quantification of pulmonary microvascular blood flow in order to reduce analysis time and user variability. Study type Prospective. Population In all, 90 MRI scans of 63 patients, of which 31 had a COPD with a mean Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung …
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Drive Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM)-dependent Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Migration by Modulating Membrane F…
2011
The disintegrin-metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 mediate the release of several cell signaling molecules and cell adhesion molecules such as vascular endothelial cadherin or L-selectin affecting endothelial permeability and leukocyte transmigration. Dysregulation of ADAM activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, but the mechanisms underlying the control of ADAM functions are still incompletely understood. Atherosclerosis is characterized by lipid plaque formation and local accumulation of unsaturated free fatty acids (FFA). Here, we show that unsaturated FFA increase ADAM-mediated substrate cleavage. We demonstrate that these alterations are not due to genuine ch…