Search results for "Abuse"

showing 10 items of 700 documents

How can hepatitis C be prevented in the long term?

2007

Abstract Significant advances have been made in preventing HIV infection among injectors but we still know little about preventing hepatitis C (HCV). Both prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C can remain high among IDUs even in the context of widespread implementation of harm reduction programmes. We need to develop new ways to fill the knowledge gap regarding HCV prevention. One way is to learn from the experts—those IDUs who, after long-term injection in social milieus of high hepatitis C prevalence, nonetheless remain uninfected. We describe a recently commenced program of research that focuses on understanding the strategies, behaviours, and environmental factors associated with "stay…

Research designTime FactorsNational Health ProgramsInternational CooperationHealth BehaviorNew YorkHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Medicine (miscellaneous)Context (language use)medicine.disease_causeArticleSocial supportHarm ReductionEnvironmental healthLondonPrevalencemedicineHumansSubstance Abuse IntravenousHarm reductionbusiness.industryIncidenceHealth PolicySocial SupportHepatitis CConceptual basismedicine.diseaseHepatitis CNeedle-Exchange ProgramsSocioeconomic FactorsResearch DesignSpainNew South WalesbusinessQualitative researchInternational Journal of Drug Policy
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Cognitive processes related to problematic pornography use (PPU): A systematic review of experimental studies

2021

Highlights • Some people experience symptoms derived from pornography viewing. • Cognitive processes may be related to the development of Problematic Pornography Use (PPU). • We performed a systematic review of 21 studies exploring cognitive processes related to PPU. • We identified 4 cognitive processes relevant for the development and maintenance of PPU.

Research papermedia_common.quotation_subjectTheoretical models030508 substance abuseContext (language use)Attentional biasproblematic pornography useCognitive processes03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinesystematic reviewSocial pathology. Social and public welfare. CriminologyPornographyPsychologyEmpirical evidenceProblematic Pornography UseHV1-9960media_commonWorking memoryCognitionAmbiguity030227 psychiatryBF1-990Psychiatry and Mental healthSystematic review0305 other medical sciencePsychologycognitive processesCognitive psychologyAddictive Behaviors Reports
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Child abuse hidden in plain sight: The dentist obligations

2017

OBJECTIVES A publication discussing the need for dentists to possess knowledge to identify the child abuse and dental neglect. MATERIALS AND METHODS In present paper the various aspects of the problem are analyzed, both from a clinical point of view and from a medico-legal one, without neglecting normative standards and the obligations held by each and every health professional. After a brief excursus about how time has been perceived and considered the problem, we analyze the major risk factors and injuries of dental interest. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The more everyone knows and more attention is applied to child patient, bigger the safeguards will are bigger. Moreover, this will result in …

ResponsibilitySettore MED/43 - Medicina LegaleChildClinical forensic medicineAbuseProfessional ethic
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L'école pourrait-elle réduire les inégalités ?

2003

International audience

Réduction des inégalitésEffet[SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education05 social sciences[SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education030508 substance abuseÉcoleGeneral Medicine03 medical and health sciencesInégalité des chances0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesÉducation0305 other medical scienceComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS050104 developmental & child psychology
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Synergistic effects of childhood adversity and polygenic risk in first-episode psychosis

2023

The European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) Project is funded by grant agreement HEALTH-F2-2010-241909 (Project EU-GEI) from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme.

SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUMmedicine.medical_specialtyGENESpolygenic riskfirst-episode psychosiILLNESSinteraction contrast ratioChildhood traumaDOPAMINEFirst episode psychosisSettore MED/48 -Scienze Infermierist. e Tecn. Neuro-Psichiatriche e Riabilitat.MALTREATMENTMedicinefirst-episode psychosisABUSEPsychiatrySettore MED/25 - PsichiatriaApplied PsychologyTRAUMAENVIRONMENTbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseschizophreniaPsychiatry and Mental healthSchizophreniaRELIABILITYPolygenic risk scoresynergistic effectsbusinessPsychological medicine
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Association of extent of cannabis use and psychotic like intoxication experiences in a multi-national sample of first episode psychosis patients and …

2021

AbstractBackgroundFirst episode psychosis (FEP) patients who use cannabis experience more frequent psychotic and euphoric intoxication experiences compared to controls. It is not clear whether this is consequent to patients being more vulnerable to the effects of cannabis use or to their heavier pattern of use. We aimed to determine whether extent of use predicted psychotic-like and euphoric intoxication experiences in patients and controls and whether this differs between groups.MethodsWe analysed data on patients who had ever used cannabis (n = 655) and controls who had ever used cannabis (n = 654) across 15 sites from six countries in the EU-GEI study (2010–2015). We used multiple regres…

SYMPTOMSPoison control0302 clinical medicineSettore MED/48 -Scienze Infermierist. e Tecn. Neuro-Psichiatriche e Riabilitat.substance abuseApplied PsychologyPOPULATIONRISKeducation.field_of_studybiologyHuman factors and ergonomicsCannabis usePsychotomimeticSubstance abusePsychiatry and Mental healthSchizophreniaPsychotic-like experiencepsychotomimeticmedicine.drugmedicine.medical_specialtyDISORDERSPopulationFrequency of use03 medical and health sciencesFirst episode psychosisInjury preventionmedicineHumansAssociation (psychology)PsychiatryeducationSettore MED/25 - PsichiatriaDELUSIONAL IDEATIONEffects of cannabisMETAANALYSISCannabisCannabinoid Receptor Agonistsbusiness.industryPsychotic-like experiencesbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.disease030227 psychiatryschizophreniaMulti nationalPsychotic DisordersHallucinogensPOTENCYCannabisbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Elder Abuse in Live-in Migrant Carer Arrangements

2021

This chapter focuses on an issue rarely addressed in research: abuse and protection against abuse in live-in migrant carer (LIMC) arrangements. Based on a secondary analysis of data collected in LIMC arrangements in Germany, potential risks of abuse and protective factors against abuse are identified. The chapter shows that questions about abuse and protection against abuse in these arrangements have to be analyzed in the context of complex, interrelated factors, structures and processes. There is no clear answer as to whether LIMC arrangements increase or decrease the risk of abuse and neglect of older dependent people. Aside from the existing taboo against abuse in home-based care in old …

Secondary analysismedia_common.quotation_subjectTabooContext (language use)Elder abuseCriminologyPsychologymedia_commonNeglect
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Central Serotonin2C Receptor: From Physiology to Pathology

2006

Since the 1950s, when serotonin (5-HT) was discovered in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), an enormous amount of experimental evidence has revealed the pivotal role of this biogenic amine in a number of cognitive and behavioural functions. Although 5-HT is synthesized by a small group of neurons within the raphe nuclei of the brain stem, almost all parts of the CNS receive serotonergic projections. Furthermore, the importance of 5-HT modulation and the fine-tuning of its action is underlined by the large number of 5-HT binding sites found in the CNS. Hitherto, up to 15 different 5-HT receptors subtypes have been identified. This review was undertaken to summarize the work that has…

SerotoninDORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUSPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyProtein ConformationCentral nervous systemPhysiologyRAT NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENSBiologySerotonergicDorsal raphe nucleusPLEXUS EPITHELIAL-CELLSAGONIST-DIRECTED TRAFFICKINGDrug DiscoveryReceptor Serotonin 5-HT2CmedicineAnimalsHumansserotonergic receptorselective 5-HT2C drugs Key Words Plus: VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREAReceptor5-HT receptorReceptor Serotonin 5-HTCENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEMGeneral MedicineEXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE LEVELSmedicine.diseaseschizophreniamedicine.anatomical_structureGene Expression RegulationDepression Mentaldrug of abuse5-HT2 ANTAGONIST RITANSERINSchizophreniadepressionSchizophreniaATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGSSerotoninRaphe nucleiPRIMATE CEREBRAL-CORTEXSignal TransductionCurrent Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
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Prevention of Violence against Children and Psychosocial Models of Intervention: Network Analysis of an Inter-Institutional Service

2014

This study describes an Italian service, the Inter-institutional Groups Operating against child Abuse and Maltreatment (GOIAM), which specializes in the treatment of child abuse. The GOIAM service is composed of 53 professionals divided into four different categories: social workers, psychologists, child neuropsychiatrists, and psychopedagogists. With the aim of detecting strengths and weaknesses of the operative model adopted by GOIAM, the whole service was analyzed through the application of social network analysis (SNA). The analysis revealed a low-density network, while the study of centrality yielded different distributions of power indicators (degree, closeness, and betweenness): pres…

Service (business)Child abuseSociology and Political ScienceSocial workClosenessSettore M-PSI/03 - PsicometriaPoison controlEducationBetweenness centralitychild abuse network analysis institutional serviceDevelopmental and Educational PsychologyPsychologyCentralitySocial network analysisSocial psychology
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FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES OF CONFISCATED ABUSE SUBSTANCES, CARRIED OUT IN THE LABORATORY OF ANALYSIS AND DRUGS OF THE CARABINIERI, MILITARY STATIO…

2016

The aim of this study was to define some methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis for technical verification of alleged drugs confiscated by the stations of the Carabinieri in Palermo and Trapani provinces. Observation concerned: the quantity of the confiscated material, the quantity of the active principle, the cutting substances and the consumption in adult and minor population. The Carabinieri ask for analyses of confiscated drugs to the L.A.S.S. laboratory, where the samples are added with the suitable standard and put to ultrasound. Then, the solution is analyzed with gas cromatography and gas mass spectrometry. In 2015 there were 1,000 analysed finds out of 1,454 total finds. …

Settore BIO/14 - FarmacologiaL.A.S.S. laboratory Drug abuse
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