Search results for "Abuse"
showing 10 items of 700 documents
Childhood abuse experiences, depression and dissociation symptoms in relation to suicide attempts and suicidal ideation
2021
This study aimed to examine associations between suicide attempts (SA), suicidal ideation (SI), depression, dissociative symptoms, emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse, and to explore predictors of SA and SI, as well as possible mediating factors. We also aimed to examine support for a dissociative depression subgroup. Participating in this study were 342 adults, of these were 138 respondents with a diagnosis of depression (DG), and 204 respondents comprising a community sample (CS). Respondents completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), and Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). All but…
The Cycle of Violence: Examining Attitudes Toward and Experiences of Corporal Punishment in a Representative German Sample
2018
The use of corporal punishment (CP) is controversial despite the negative consequences of its use that have been documented. Consequences include the use of CP by those who experienced CP themselves, described in the theory of the cycle of violence. There are little data on the cycle of violence, especially on those who break it and in representative samples. This study examines the cycle of violence in a representative sample by analyzing experiences of and attitudes toward CP. Attitudes toward, and own experiences of, CP by their parents were assessed in a sample of 2,519 individuals (female 54.6%, age range = 14-99 years, M = 48.9 years). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify…
Environmental Dysfunctions, Childhood Maltreatment and Women’s Intimate Partner Violence Victimization
2017
International audience; Childhood maltreatment is considered a crucial explanatory variable for intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. However, a developmental multifactorial model for the etiology of IPV is not shared by researchers yet. This study has investigated the role of a wide range of childhood maltreatments and family and social dysfunctions in predicting IPV; furthermore, it tests a model where childhood maltreatment mediates the relationship between environmental dysfunctions and IPV. The sample included 78 women: IPV (38) and non-IPV (40). The Italian version of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) Interview was used to assess the presence of adverse childho…
Adverse Childhood Experiences Among 28,047 Norwegian Adults From a General Population
2021
Aim: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among Norwegian adults from a general population and to identify potential associations with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.Methods: A randomly drawn sample (N = 61,611) from the public registry of inhabitants was invited to participate in the Norwegian Counties Public Health Survey. The present study was based on online responses from 28,047 adults ≥18 years (mean age: 46.9 years, SD = 16.03). Log-link binomial regression analyses were performed to examine associations between four measures of ACEs (family conflict, lack of adult support, bad memories, and difficult childhoo…
The Resilient Emotional Brain: A Scoping Review of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic Structure and Function in Resilient Adults With a History …
2020
Childhood Maltreatment (CM) is one of the strongest predictors of adult mental illness, though not all adults with CM develop psychopathology. Here, we describe the structure and function of emotional brain regions that may contribute to resilient functioning after CM. We review studies that report medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and hippocampus (‘limbic regions’) structure, function, and/or connections, in resilient (i.e., adults reporting CM without psychopathology) vs. vulnerable (i.e., adults reporting CM with psychopathology), or healthy adults (adults without CM with no psychopatology). We find that resilient adults have larger hippocampal grey and white matter volume, and i…
Use of needles and syringes in Miami and Valencia: observations of high and low availability.
2000
Two studies engaged in gathering data on injecting drug users (IDUs) employed supplementary resources to enhance their ethnographic components and compare patterns of use of needles/syringes (n/s) in two geographically similar but culturally distinct cities. Despite its policy of making n/s highly available at fair prices, Valencia, Spain, has markedly higher rates of HIV seroprevalence among its IDUs than does Miami, Florida, where possession of n/s is illegal. Ethnographically based models that track IDUs through choices of injection venues help to explain this difference. Inability of IDUs in Valencia to use their own domiciles as venues for injection contrasts sharply with problems of M…
Comparing the characteristics of homeless adults in Poland and the United States.
2014
This study compared the characteristics of probability samples of homeless adults in Poland (N = 200 from two cities) and the United States (N = 219 from one city), using measures with established reliability and validity in homeless populations. The same measures were used across nations and a systemic translation procedure assured comparability of measurement. The two samples were similar on some measures: In both nations, most homeless adults were male, many reported having dependent children and experiencing out-of-home placements when they themselves were children, and high levels of physical health problems were observed. Significant national differences were also found: Those in Pola…
Cross cultural adaptation of the Injection Drug User Quality Of Life Scale (IDUQOL) in Spanish drug dependent population, with or without injectable …
2007
Abstract The Injection Drug User Quality of life Scale (IDUQOL) measures the unique and individual circumstances that determine the quality of life of injection drug users. This paper reports the psychometric properties of the Spanish version, for drug dependent persons with or without injectable consumption using a revised instrument: Drug user Quality of Life Scale-Spanish (DUQOL-Spanish). We studied 169 outpatients in 9 Spanish drug treatment centers. Factor analysis, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and criterion-related validity were assessed. The results show the essential unidimensionality of the scale, which supports the use of a total score. Both internal consistency (…
Implicit Theories of Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offenders: Cross-Cultural Validation of Interview Findings
2019
Offense-supportive cognitions are thought to result from underlying implicit theories (ITs). As child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) users are a distinct type of sex offender, Bartels and Merdian proposed that CSEM offenders hold five different ITs from those endorsed by contact sex offenders (i.e., Unhappy World, Self as Uncontrollable, Child as Sexual Object, Nature of Harm [CSEM variant], and Self as Collector), linked by an assumption about the Reinforcing Nature of the Internet. This article reports a conceptual content analysis of 23 interviews conducted with CSEM offenders in the United Kingdom and Spain. Support for all CSEM-specific ITs was found across both samples, providing…
Follow-Up Data Improve the Estimation of the Prevalence of Heavy Alcohol Consumption.
2018
Aims. We aim to adjust for potential non-participation bias in the prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption. Methods. Population survey data from Finnish health examination surveys conducted in 1987–2007 were linked to the administrative registers for mortality and morbidity follow-up until end of 2014. Utilising these data, available for both participants and non-participants, we model the association between heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol-related disease diagnoses. Results. Our results show that the estimated prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption is on average of 1.5 times higher for men and 1.8 times higher for women than what was obtained from participants only (complete case an…