Search results for "Acamprosate"
showing 10 items of 14 documents
Gli effetti dell'Acamprosato sulla rimodulazione della trasmissione glutammatergica eccitatoria ed il suo impiego nel trattamento del craving da alco…
2015
Treatment with acamprosate is a valid tool to complement psychotherapy as it does not cause addiction, abuse or withdrawal of its suspension and does not interfere with other medications that patients often alcoholics must take. To evaluate the effectiveness, our study evaluated the effects of Acamprosate compared to γ-hydroxybutyrate in clinical-physiological and social health in a way indicator of a possible therapeutic success in terms of abstinence from alcohol and social reintegration. A total of 36 patients were observed, of which 5, 4 men and 1 woman at the Drug Addiction Service (Servizio Tossicodipendenze, Ser.T) Alcamo, and 31, 21 men and 10 women at the Ser.T of Palermo. As regar…
The control of abstinence in the treatment of alcohol dependence: the use of acamprosate in relapse prevention
2014
"The alcoholism can also deal with drug treatments." This is the message that emerges from the press conference of presentation of Campral, trade name of acamprosate, a neuromodulator specifically indicated in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients.Alcoholism is a disease characterized by: craving, loss of control, tolerance and physical dependence.For many years the prevention of relapse in use of alcohol after detoxification was supported almost exclusively by psychosocial procedures and techniques with modest success. Treatment with acamprosate is a valid tool to complement psychotherapy as it does not cause addiction, abuse or withdrawal of its suspension and does n…
Disposition of acamprosate in the rat: Influence of probenecid
2002
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the disposition of acamprosate (calcium bis acetyl-homotaurine) in the rat. Initially, we studied the linearity of acamprosate disposition and the fraction of acamprosate excreted unchanged in the urine of the animals. Rats received 9.3, 36.6 or 73.3 mg/kg of the drug as an intravenous bolus. The statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters did not reveal any significant difference, indicating that acamprosate disposition was linear within the range of the doses assayed. On average, 95% of the administered dose was excreted unchanged in the urine of the animals in the 0-6 h post-administration period indicating that renal excreti…
Acamprosate blocks the increase in dopamine extracellular levels in nucleus accumbens evoked by chemical stimulation of the ventral hippocampus.
2003
Recently, we have shown that acamprosate is able to modulate extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and may act as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Neurochemical studies show that chemical stimulation (using NMDA) of the ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampus produces robust and sustained increases in extracellular DA levels in the NAc, an effect mediated through ionotropic glutamate (iGlu) receptors. The present study examines whether acamprosate locally infused in the NAc of rats could block or attenuate the increase in NAc extracellular DA elicited by chemical stimulation (with 5 mM NMDA) of the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus. …
Results from two pharmacotherapy trials show alcoholic smokers were more severely alcohol dependent but less prone to relapse than alcoholic non-smok…
2007
Aims: To assess the role of smoking on treatment outcome in quitting alcoholics on the background of the priming or coping hypothesis (Rohsenow et al. , [1997][1]). Methods: Data sets of placebo treated patients of the German phase III trial of naltrexone (Gastpar et al. , [2002][2]) and of acamprosate treated patients of a German phase IV trial Soyka et al. , [2002][3]) were reanalyzed. Differences between smoking and non-smoking alcoholics were evaluated using χ2-, t - or ANOVA-tests, relapse rates using survival techniques with Cox regression. Results: Smoking alcoholics differed significantly from non-smoking alcoholics regarding sociodemographic variables (e.g. more males, more often l…
Kinetic study of acamprosate absorption in rat small intestine.
2000
Acamprosate (calcium bis acetyl-homotaurine), a homotaurine derivative, a structural analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and an upper homologue of taurine, is a relatively new drug used to prevent relapse in weaned alcoholics. When administered orally as enteric-coated tablets at relatively high doses, this drug has a bioavailability of about 11%; however, the intestinal absorption mechanism has not been studied in depth. The present study was therefore planned to characterize the intestinal transport of acamprosate in the rat and the effect of chronic alcohol treatment on this process, quantifying its kinetic parameters and investigating possible inhibitors. Using an in vitro techni…
Assessment and modulation of acamprosate intestinal absorption: comparative studies using in situ, in vitro (CACO-2 cell monolayers) and in vivo mode…
2003
The purpose of this study was to explore the intestinal absorption mechanism of acamprosate and to attempt to improve the bioavailability (BA) of the drug through modulation of its intestinal absorption using two enhancers (polysorbate 80 and sodium caprate) based on in situ, in vitro and in vivo models and comparing the results obtained. Intestinal transport of the drug, in the absence and in presence of polysorbate 80 (0.06, 0.28 and 9.6 mM) or sodium caprate (13 and 16 mM) was measured by using an in situ rat gut technique and Caco-2 cell monolayers. Additionally, the effect of sodium caprate on drug oral bioavailability, measured as urinary recovery, was quantified by performing in vivo…
Therapeutic drug monitoring of drugs for treatment of substance-related disorders
2011
IntroductionThe effect of pharmacotherapy of substance-related disorders is moderate at best.ObjectivesTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be an instrument to improve the outcomes. TDM is for most of these drugs not established yet.AimsThe authors built a literature based rating scale to evaluate the necessity of TDM for these pharmacological agents.MethodsA literature research was performed for TDM related properties of acamprosate, bupropion, buprenorphine, clomethiazole, disulfiram, methadone, naltrexone, and varenicline. A rating scale was established for evaluation. It included 28 items related to five categories (efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, patient characteristics and co…
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Naltrexone and 6β-Naltrexol During Anti-craving Treatment in Alcohol Dependence: Reference Ranges.
2018
Aims Aim of this study was to associate concentration of naltrexone and its major active metabolite 6β-naltrexol in blood with therapeutic outcome during treatment with naltrexone in subjects with alcohol dependence. Treatment with the μ-opiate receptor antagonist naltrexone has been shown to reduce craving for alcohol and alcohol intake in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Short summary This article shows the use of therapeutic drug monitoring in alcohol dependent patients, who are treated with naltrexone. The plasma concentrations of naltrexone and 6β-naltrexol showed high inter-individual variability. They were predictive for treatment response, as they correlated significantly…
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Drugs Used in the Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders: Literature Review Using a Therapeutic Drug Monitoring App…
2011
Background The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of substance-related disorders is moderate at best. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be an instrument to improve outcomes. Because TDM for most of those drugs is not established, the authors reviewed the literature and built a rating scale to detect the potential added value of TDM for these pharmacologic agents. Methods A literature search was performed for acamprosate, bupropion, buprenorphine, clomethiazole, disulfiram, methadone, naltrexone, and varenicline. The rating scale included 22 items and was divided in five categories: efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, patient characteristics, and cost-effectiveness. Three reference …