Search results for "Acellular"

Glial Chloride Homeostasis Under Transient Ischemic Stress

2021

High water permeabilities permit rapid adjustments of glial volume upon changes in external and internal osmolarity, and pathologically altered intracellular chloride concentrations ([Cl–]int) and glial cell swelling are often assumed to represent early events in ischemia, infections, or traumatic brain injury. Experimental data for glial [Cl–]int are lacking for most brain regions, under normal as well as under pathological conditions. We measured [Cl–]int in hippocampal and neocortical astrocytes and in hippocampal radial glia-like (RGL) cells in acute murine brain slices using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy with the chloride-sensitive dye MQAE at room temperature. We observed s…

Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles Delay the Progression of Prostate Cancer

2022

Increasing evidence suggests that regular physical exercise not only reduces the risk of cancer but also improves functional capacity, treatment efficacy and disease outcome in cancer patients. At least partially, these effects are mediated by the secretome of the tissues responding to exercise. The secreted molecules can be released in a carrier-free form or enclosed into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several recent studies have shown that EVs are actively released into circulation during physical exercise. Here, we for the first time investigated the effects of exercise-induced EVs on the progression of cancer in an F344 rat model of metastatic prostate cancer. Although we did not observe…

Physical exercise induces rapid release of small extracellular vesicles into the circulation

2015

Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) by default and in response to diverse stimuli for the purpose of cell communication and tissue homeostasis. EVs are present in all body fluids including peripheral blood, and their appearance correlates with specific physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we show that physical activity is associated with the release of nano-sized EVs into the circulation. Healthy individuals were subjected to an incremental exercise protocol of cycling or running until exhaustion, and EVs were isolated from blood plasma samples taken before, immediately after and 90 min after exercise. Small EVs with the size of 100–130 nm, that carried proteins character…

Overview and Update on Extracellular Vesicles: Considerations on Exosomes and their Application in Modern Medicine

2022

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the knowledge of cell-secreted extracellular vesicle functions. They are membrane enclosed and loaded with proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules. After being released into the extracellular environment, some of these vesicles are delivered to recipient cells; consequently, the target cell may undergo physiological or pathological changes. Thus, extracellular vesicles as biological nano-carriers, have a pivotal role in facilitating long-distance intercellular communication. Understanding the mechanisms that mediate this communication process is important not only for basic science but also in medicine. Indeed, extracellular …

Adenocarcinomas and their derived lymphovascular emboli contain dual compartmental populations of tumor microvesicles which differ in size and possib…

2016

Adenocarcinomas and their associated lymphovascular emboli metastasize as tight aggregates of tumor cells. Using a xenograft model of human inflammatory breast cancer (Mary-X), which exhibited florid lymphovascular emboli in mice and high density tumor aggregates (spheroids) in vitro, we previously demonstrated that both emboli and spheroids are mediated by an intact overexpressed E-cadherin axis which regulates homotypic tumor cell adhesion. We now report that Mary-X spheroids secrete 5-10 fold higher levels of microvesicles (MVs) than most other carcinoma cell lines. Despite the high density of tumor cells and the strong juxtaposition of tumor cells to each other in the spheroids, interce…

Aligned microcontact printing of biomolecules on microelectronic device surfaces

2001

Microcontact printing (/spl mu/CP) of extracellular matrix proteins is a fascinating approach to control cell positioning and outgrowth, which is essential in the development of applications ranging from cellular biosensors to tissue engineering. Microelectronic devices can be used to detect the activity from a large number of recording sites over the long term. However, signals from cells can only be recorded at small sensitive spots. Here, the authors present an innovative setup to perform aligned /spl mu/CP of extracellular matrix proteins on microelectronic devices in order to guide the growth of electrogenic cells specifically to these sensitive spots. The authors' system is based on t…

EXTRACELLULAR FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE INDUCTION OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER (BBB)

2005

Controlling micro-structure to enhance de novo extracellular matrix deposition in elastomeric scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration

2012

Extracellulare membrane vesicles as vehicles for cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix functional interactions

2012

Unveiling neural stem cell quiescence: a crosstalk with the extracellular matrix niche

2023

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subependymal zone (SEZ) reside in a very specialized microenvironment that tightly regulates their activation state. Three NSC populations coexist in the niche, quiescent (qNSCs), primed and activated (aNSCs), which display unique, actively modulated, molecular identities. One of the specialized extrinsic properties that affect NSC quiescence-to-activation transitions is the extracellular matrix (ECM). The SEZ is the only region in the whole mouse brain that has two basement membrane (BM) structures: vascular and speckled BMs. Further, it displays higher stiffness compared to non-neurogenic areas, suggesting that both composition and ECM properties could part…