Search results for "Acellular"

Alterations in the Microstructure of the Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet Under Physiological Stress

2012

An improved understanding of mitral valve (MV) function remains an important goal for determining mechanisms underlying valve disease and for developing novel therapies. Critical to heart valve tissue homeostasis is the valvular interstitial cells (VICs), which reside in the interstitium and maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM) through both protein synthesis and enzymatic degradation [1]. There is scant quantitative experimental data on the alterations of the MV fiber network reorganization as a function of load, which is critical for implementation of computational strategies that attempt to link this meso-micro scale phenomenon. The observed large scale deformations experienced by VICs…

TALPID3/KIAA0586 regulates multiple aspects of neuromuscular patterning during gastrointestinal development in animal models and human

2021

ABSTRACTTALPID3/KIAA0586 is an evolutionary conserved protein, which plays an essential role in protein trafficking. Its role during gastrointestinal (GI) and enteric nervous system (ENS) development has not been studied previously. Here, we analysed chicken, mouse and human embryonic GI tissues with TALPID3 mutations. The GI tract of TALPID3 chicken embryos was shortened and malformed. Histologically, the gut smooth muscle was mispatterned and enteric neural crest cells were scattered throughout the gut wall. Analysis of the Hedgehog pathway and gut extracellular matrix provided causative reasons for these defects. Interestingly, chicken intra-species grafting experiments and a conditional…

Biofabrication of 3D tumor models in cancer research

2020

Abstract Tumors are complex tissues in which cancer cells are interwoven with fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, and inflammatory cells; these cells and the extracellular matrix constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME can modulate the behavior of tumor cells in terms of capacity to invade neighboring or distant tissues and drug resistance, by secreting tumor-promoting growth factors and cytokines. The poor efficacy of many anticancer drugs in clinical trials can be partly justified by the lack of predictive preclinical models. Prior to in vivo testing, biofabrication of tools for investigation in three-dimensional (3D) could be useful. Indeed, cells grown in 3D matrices…

P–543 Inhibition of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix formation in human uterine leiomyomas by 5-aza–2’-deoxycitidine via Wnt/ β-catenin pa…

2021

Abstract Study question Is DNA methylation reversion through DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) inhibitors, such as 5-aza–2’-deoxycitidine, a potential therapeutic option for treatment of patients with uterine leiomyomas (UL)? Summary answer 5-aza–2’-deoxycitidine reduces proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation by inhibition of Wnt/ β-catenin pathway on UL cells, suggesting DNMT inhibitors as an option to treat UL. What is known already: UL is a multifactorial disease with an unclear pathogenesis and inaccurate treatment. Aberrant DNA methylation have been found in UL compared to myometrium (MM) tissue, showing hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, which contributes to the d…

Yeast Cell Wall Glycoproteins

1991

In higher cells, glycoproteins play a variety of functions as surface receptors, cell-cell mediators, carriers of enzyme activities, components of the extracellular matrix, etc. In most glycoproteins, the protein moiety will be the functional part whereas the carbohydrate moiety would contribute to the attainment of an adequate tertiary structure, modify the glycoprotein molecule making it more resistant to degradation, and facilitate its secretion.

Glycoconjugate expression in the extracellular matrix of the mouse lung (87.7)

2014

Biochemical composition of muscle extracellular matrix: the effect of loading

2000

Collagen plays an important role in skeletal muscle both during muscle differentiation and normal muscle growth, and also serves a role as a supportive structure. It is the most abundant protein of the extracellular matrix and of the 19 distinct collagen types, types I, III, IV and V are the dominating ones in skeletal muscle. Both collagen synthesis as well as degradation is influenced by either physical loading or immobilization in skeletal muscle, and recent methods have allowed for greater understanding of the posttranslational processing of collagen.

Extracellular microvesicles as brain cell-to-cell communication carriers

2014

Liver microsomal membrane fluidity and microsomal desaturase activities in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1997

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate liver microsomal membrane fluidity simultaneously with membrane fatty acid composition and desaturase activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). DESIGN AND METHODS The membrane fluidity was determined, after electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement, in SHR compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, by calculating the order parameter S from ESR spectra of 5-nitroxide stearate and 10-nitroxide stearate, used as spin-labelled fatty acids. Desaturase activities were measured by incubating SHR and WKY rat liver microsomes with [14C]-radiolabeled fatty acids as substrates for desaturation reactions. The fatty acid c…

Extracellular Structural and Secretory Proteins

1994

The extracellular matrices of animal tissues consist of networks of collagens and elastins, the meshes of which are filled with structural glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. The cells themselves are in direct contact with the basement membranes, which are specific regions of the extracellular matrix with a thickness of 20200 nm. The very varied compositions of the different extracellular matrices determine their mechanical characters and, in particular, their interactions with the cells [73]. The binding of cells to various matrix components is mediated by specific receptors on the cell surface and these recognize certain peptide sequences in the matrix proteins [141]. Several particular…