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showing 10 items of 2898 documents
Connectivity of urban rivers and environmental justice
2018
With the explosion of urban waterfront revitalization projects in the developed world, it is timely to reflect on the relations between cities and their rivers: how the rivers influenced development of the cities, how cities have treated their riverfronts since 19th century, and how the spatial relations of city and river constrain and enable improved connectivity between urban populations and their rivers. Both celebrated as revitalizing neglected urban centers and criticized for displacing the disenfranchised populations, riverfront revitalization projects raise questions about what constitutes ‘restoration’ in cities, to what degree natural processes and ecological values can be restored…
How neighbourhood interactions influence urban sprawl
2011
International audience
Enhancing upper secondary students’ engagement and learning through the INTERACT online, video-based teacher coaching intervention : Protocol for a m…
2022
This protocol outlines a mixed-methods cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) in upper secondary schools that will investigate how video-based online coaching can support teachers’ competences in teacher-student interactions (TSIs) and thereby improve student engagement and learning. The intervention will take place over a school year with at least 100 teachers and 2,000 of their students. During the implementation and one-year follow-up, we will conduct an extensive implementation and process evaluation (IPE) to understand the intervention's effects on TSI and student engagement and learning outcomes. This protocol outlines the background, design, intervention, and primary and secondar…
Could PD-1/PDL1 immune checkpoints be linked to HLA signature?
2019
The outstanding clinical expansion of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and PD-1 ligand-1 (PDL-1) (atezolizumab, avelumab and durvalumab) has received an increasing level of interest regarding immunotherapy and multidrug combinations, for the treatment of a number of common human malignancies. Some patients treated with these agents receive remarkable benefits in term of quality of life, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). However, a significant percentage of these patients experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs), while others present with an ultra-rapid disease progression, defined as hyperprogressio…
The quality of an expert teacher’sand a student teacher’s pedagogical interactionsin early childhood education and care examined through theCLASS lens
2022
High-quality interactions between teachers and children in early childhood education and care (ECEC) are at theheart of supporting children’s development, well-being, andlearning. Theaim of the study wasto examine the quality of an experienced ECEC teacher’sand an ECEC student teacher’steacher–child interactionsusingthe ClassroomAssessment Scoring System (CLASS). Furthermore, the study exploredthe participants’reflectionson their pedagogical interactions and theextent to which they alignedwith the CLASS framework. The data consistedof video recordings, written observation notes, and stimulated recall interview(SRI) transcripts. Thevideos were rated according to the CLASSmanual, and the data…
Colour alone matters : no predator generalization among morphs of an aposematic moth
2018
Local warning colour polymorphism, frequently observed in aposematic organisms, is evolutionarily puzzling. This is because variation in aposematic signals is expected to be selected against due to predators' difficulties associating several signals with a given unprofitable prey. One possible explanation for the existence of such variation is predator generalization, which occurs when predators learn to avoid one form and consequently avoid other sufficiently similar forms, relaxing selection for monomorphic signals. We tested this hypothesis by exposing the three different colour morphs of the aposematic wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis, existing in Finland to local wild-caught predato…
The price of safety: food deprivation in early life influences the efficacy of chemical defence in an aposematic moth
2018
Aposematism is the combination of a primary signal with a secondary defence that predators must learn to associate with one another. However, variation in the level of defence, both within and between species, is very common. As secondary defences influence individual fitness, this variation in quality and quantity requires an evolutionary explanation, particularly as it may or may not correlate with variation in primary signals. The costs of defence production are expected to play a considerable role in generating this variation, yet studies of the cost of chemical defence have focused on species that sequester their defences, while studies in species that produce them de novo are scarce. …
Multimodal Aposematic Defenses Through the Predation Sequence
2021
Aposematic organisms warn predators of their unprofitability using a combination of defenses, including visual warning signals, startling sounds, noxious odors, or aversive tastes. Using multiple lines of defense can help prey avoid predators by stimulating multiple senses and/or by acting at different stages of predation. We tested the efficacy of three lines of defense (color, smell, taste) during the predation sequence of aposematic wood tiger moths (Arctia plantaginis) using blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) predators. Moths with two hindwing phenotypes (genotypes: WW/Wy = white, yy = yellow) were manipulated to have defense fluid with aversive smell (methoxypyrazines), body tissues with a…
Evolution of signal diversity: predator-prey interactions and the maintenance of warning colour polymorphism in the wood tiger moth Arctia plantaginis
2017
Aposematic organisms avoid predation by advertising defences with warning signals. The theory of aposematism predicts warning signal uniformity, yet variation in warning coloration is widespread. The chemically defended wood tiger moth Arctia plantaginis shows both geographic variation and local polymorphism in warning coloration. In this thesis, I studied whether predation by local avian predators is driving the evolution of wood tiger moth warning colours. The close relatives of the wood tiger moth designated here to genus Arctia do not show similar colour polymorphism. The wood tiger moth is thus apparently under evolutionary radiation and provides a natural laboratory for observing curr…
Influence of colour, smell and taste on the survival of the wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) adults during predation event
2021
Saalistajien torjumiseksi saalis voi käyttää erilaisia puolustusmekanismeja, jotka stimuloivat useita eri aisteja (ts. multimodaalista signalointia). Esimerkiksi aposemaattiset eliöt puolustautuvat varoitussignaalin lisäksi sekundaarisella puolustuksella. Tässä tutkimuksessa keskityttiin siihen, kuinka täpläsiilikkään (Arctia plantaginis) väritys (genotyypit WW, Wy ovat valkoisia ja yy keltaisia), haju (metoksipyratsiinista) ja maku (pyrrolitsidiinialkaloidista) toimivat puolustuksena lintusaalistajien hyökkäyksiä vastaan. Linnuille tarjottiin kummankin värisiä eläviä siilikkäitä, joita oli manipuloitu niin, että niillä oli joko hajua, makua tai molempia näistä. Näin pystyttiin tutkimaan ku…