Search results for "Activity"

Visual Attention, Orthographic Word Recognition, and Executive Functioning in Children With ADHD, Dyslexia, or ADHD + Dyslexia

2019

Objective: The current study examined the differences in visual selective attention, orthographic word recognition, and executive functioning. Method: One hundred and forty Ecuadorian children in third and fifth grades of elementary school (8-10 years old) participated in the study—35 with only dyslexia (DD), 35 with the combined type of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-C), 35 with disorders (DD + ADHD-C), and 35 typical development children (TD). Results: The Ecuadorian children with DD and/or ADHD-C in this age range usually have difficulties in visual selective attention, and also in orthographic word recognition. The executive functioning results showed that such func…

D1 receptors play a major role in the dopamine modulation of mouse ileum contractility

2010

Since the role of dopamine in the bowel motility is far from being clear, our aim was to analyse pharmacologically the effects of dopamine on mouse ileum contractility. Contractile activity of mouse ileum was examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension. Dopamine caused a concentration-dependent reduction of the spontaneous contraction amplitude of ileal muscle up to their complete disappearance. SCH-23390, D1 receptor antagonist, which per se increased basal tone and amplitude of spontaneous contractions, antagonized the responses to dopamine, whilst sulpiride or domperidone, D2 receptor antagonists, were without effects. The application of both D1 and D2 antagonists had additive effe…

Ecological correlates of Spanish adolescents’ physical activity during physical education classes

2016

The public health benefit of school physical education (PE) depends in large part on physical activity (PA) provided during class. According to the literature, PE has a valuable role in public health, and PA levels during PE classes depend on a wide range of factors. The main objective of this study, based on ecological models of behaviour, was to analyse what personal, psychosocial and environmental factors were associated with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during PE lessons. The sample consisted of 189 adolescents (60.8% girls; M = 16.3 years, SD = 0.7) from nine high schools. PA was assessed by accelerometer. Differences in PA behaviour between the study groups were evaluated using the…

Pharmacological manipulation of serotonin receptors during brain embryogenesis favours stress resiliency in female rats

2018

Manipulations of the serotonin transmission during early development induce long-lasting changes in the serotonergic circuitry throughout the brain. However, little is known on the developmental consequences in the female progeny. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the behavioural effects of pre- and postnatal stimulation of the serotonergic system by 5-methoxytryptamine in adolescent female rats on behavioural reactivity and anxiety- like phenotype. Our results show that perinatal 5- methoxythyptamine decreased total distance travelled and rearing frequency in the novel enviroment, and increased the preference for the centre of the arena in the open field test. Moreover, perinatal 5-…

Role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and of Sympathetic Activity in Arterial Hypertension Associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidne…

1997

The role of physical activity and exercise in obesity and weight management: Time for critical appraisal

2016

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during last 3 decades with devastating consequences to public health. Recommended strategies to reduce obesity have focused on healthier diet and physical activity (PA). Clearly, these approaches have not been successful, but whether this is due to failure to restrict energy intake or to maintain high levels of energy expenditure has been the subject of great controversy. Consequently, there has been a great deal of confusion about the role of PA and exercise in obesity and weight management. In this article, the theoretical basis for considering reduced PA and energy expenditure as the cause of obesity is appraised. Furthe…

Exercise for fitness does not decrease the muscular inactivity time during normal daily life

2012

The time spent in sedentary behaviors has been shown to be independent of exercise in epidemiological studies. We examined within an individual whether exercise alters the time of muscular inactivity within his/her normal daily life. Quadriceps and hamstring muscle electromyographic activities and heart rate were measured during 1 to 6 days of normal daily living of ordinary people. Of 84 volunteers measured, 27 (15 men, 12 women, 40.7 years ± 16.5 years) fulfilled the criteria of having at least 1 day with and 1 day without exercise for fitness (total of 87 days analyzed, 13.0 h ± 2.5 h/day). Reported exercises varied from Nordic walking to strength training and ball games lasting 30 min-1…

Dissociation of airway responsiveness and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell composition in sensitized guinea-pigs after daily inhalation of ovalbumin

1994

Summary. The association between inflammatory cell influx, cell activation status and change of airway responsiveness to acelylcholine (ACh) after daily inhalation of ovalbumin (OA) in sensitized guinea–pigs was investigated. Starting 3 weeks after sensitization (OA at 50mg/kg s.c. + i.p.) guinea–pigs were exposed daily to 2% OA (10min: undercover of 0.5Smg/kg mepyramine i.p. 15min before OA) for 2 weeks. Concentration–response curves (CRCs) for inhaled ACh were performed 24 h after the last OA–challenge and 24 h after another single OA–inhalation 1 week later. CRCs for inhaled ACh were neither affected 24 h after the last OA challenge (daily for two weeks) nor 24 h after another OA–inhalat…

Prevalence and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Spain: study protocol for extending a systematic review with updated meta-a…

2019

© The Author(s) 2019.

Corrigendum to “Leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome plus depressive symptoms in the FIN-D2D survey” [Preventive Medicine 51 (2010) …

2011

a Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, PL 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland b Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Keskussairaalantie 19, FI-40620 Jyvaskyla, Finland c Unit of General Practice, Central Finland Health Care District, Keskussairaalantie 19, FI-40620 Jyvaskyla, Finland d ORTON, Rehabilitation Unit, PO Box 29, FI-00281, Helsinki, Finland e Department of Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland f National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland g Department of Primary Healthcare, University of Eastern Finland and Unit of …