Search results for "Adaptive"

Complex adaptative systems and computational simulation in Archaeology

2017

Traditionally the concept of ‘complexity’ is used as a synonym for ‘complex society’, i.e., human groups with characteristics such as urbanism, inequalities, and hierarchy. The introduction of Nonlinear Systems and Complex Adaptive Systems to the discipline of archaeology has nuanced this concept. This theoretical turn has led to the rise of modelling as a method of analysis of historical processes. This work has a twofold objective: to present the theoretical current characterized by generative thinking in archaeology and to present a concrete application of agent-based modelling to an archaeological problem: the dispersal of the first ceramic production in the western Mediterranean.

Forecasting the Cell Temperature of PV Modules with an Adaptive System

2013

The need to reduce energy consumptions and to optimize the processes of energy production has pushed the technology towards the implementation of hybrid systems for combined production of electric and thermal energy. In particular, recent researches look with interest at the installation of hybrid system PV/T. To improve the energy performance of these systems, it is necessary to know the operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules. Furthermore, when photovoltaic (PV) systems replace the traditional building envelope materials and they are fully integrated (building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV)), it is very important to correctly assess their thermal behaviour. The determination of …

Multilingual information delivery based on a domain ontology

2014

As internationalisation becomes more and more intensive, organizations need to work with information in different languages in their work. Interlingua content delivery in e-learning courses could be effective learning content adaption method for delivering information for much wider audience. This paper suggests high-level framework for multilingual learning content delivery. This approach is based on a domain ontology, which allows to annotate and retrieve learning resources in a language independent way. Such method can improve accessibility, sharing and reuse of multilingual learning content.

Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Adaptive Evolution of Industrial Yeasts

2006

Adaptive Learning Process for the Evolution of Ontology-Described Classification Model in Big Data Context

2016

International audience; One of the biggest challenges in Big Data is to exploit value from large volumes of variable and changing data. For this, one must focus on analyzing the data in these Big Data sources and classify the data items according to a domain model (e.g. an ontology). To automatically classify unstructured text documents according to an ontology, a hierarchical multi-label classification process called Semantic HMC was proposed. This process uses ontologies to describe the classification model. To prevent cold start and user overload, the classification process automatically learns the ontology-described classification model from a very large set of unstructured text documen…

Preprocessing of region of interest localization based on local surface curvature analysis for three-dimensional reconstruction with multiresolution

2009

We present an approach to integrate a preprocessing step of the region of interest ROI localization into 3-D scanners laser or ste- reoscopic. The definite objective is to make the 3-D scanner intelligent enough to localize rapidly in the scene, during the preprocessing phase, the regions with high surface curvature, so that precise scanning will be done only in these regions instead of in the whole scene. In this way, the scanning time can be largely reduced, and the results contain only per- tinent data. To test its feasibility and efficiency, we simulated the prepro- cessing process under an active stereoscopic system composed of two cameras and a video projector. The ROI localization is…

The immune role of the arthropod exoskeleton.

2012

7 pages; International audience; The exoskeleton or cuticle of arthropods is an important feature that contributes to their great success in colonising numerous habitats on earth. It has numerous functions among which to provide protection against parasites. Whereas often regarded as a simple physical barrier to the outside world, the immune protection of the cuticle is slightly more complex than that. Here, we provide an overview of the cuticle defensive traits against parasites and examine their variation as a response to parasitism. It appears that the cuticle is an efficient line of defense, which includes physical, biochemical and physiological defensive components that are potentially…

Introduction. Ecological immunology.

2009

12 pages; International audience; An organism's fitness is critically reliant on its immune system to provide protection against parasites and pathogens. The structure of even simple immune systems is surprisingly complex and clearly will have been moulded by the organism's ecology. The aim of this review and the theme issue is to examine the role of different ecological factors on the evolution of immunity. Here, we will provide a general framework of the field by contextualizing the main ecological factors, including interactions with parasites, other types of biotic as well as abiotic interactions, intraspecific selective constraints (life-history trade-offs, sexual selection) and popula…

Modification of hosts' behavior by a parasite: field evidence for adaptive manipulation.

2007

9 pages; International audience; Parasites relying on trophic transmission to complete their life cycles often induce modifications of their host's behavior in ways that may increase their susceptibility to predation by final hosts. These modifications have often been interpreted as parasite adaptations, but very few studies have demonstrated that host manipulation has fitness benefits for the parasite. The aim of the present study was to address the adaptive significance of parasite manipulation by coupling observations of behavioral manipulation to estimates of trophic transmission to the definitive host in the natural environment. We show that the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus …

Contrôle des ravageurs de cultures par les ennemis naturels : la plante hôte facteur régulateur du système immunitaire des chenilles de vers de la gr…

2013

10 pages; National audience; En raison des nombreux dégâts occasionnés par les vers de la grappe dans les vignobles, trouver un moyen de lutte efficace est devenu un réel challenge. A l’heure actuelle, la lutte biologique apparaît comme une alternative possible à la lutte chimique. Cependant, les résultats obtenus suite aux lâchers de parasitoïdes sont extrêmement variables dans leur efficacité. Des études approfondies de la biologie des vers de la grappe et de leurs parasitoïdes sont donc nécessaires afin d’affiner les méthodes de lutte biologique. Le système immunitaire des insectes représente la dernière ligne de défense des phytophages contre les parasitoïdes. Dans cette étude nous mett…