Search results for "Addiction"
showing 10 items of 415 documents
Social stigma and self-esteem as mediators of the relationship between Body Mass Index and Internet addiction disorder. An exploratory study
2018
The present study aimed at investigating the mediational effects of social stigma and self-esteem on the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Internet addiction disorder. A total of 413 participants aged between 18 and 26 years old (M = 20.94 SD = 2.95) were assessed with self-report standardized questionnaires exploring self-esteem (i.e. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale - RSES), Internet addiction (i.e. Young Internet Addiction Test- YIAT), and social-stigma (i.e. Perception of Teasing Scale - POT), and with objective measures related to BMI. Results showed a partial direct association between BMI and Internet addiction. Specifically, our mediation model revealed a good fit to data sh…
Misuse and addiction to mobile phone in a sample of first-grade secondary school students of Palermo
2020
Abstract Background Nowadays, smartphone overuse affects massively teenagers and young adults. From 2014 to 2018 in Italy, for the 11-17 years age group, there has been an increase from 79.9% to 85.8% of daily mobile phone users. This project aims to investigate usage prevalence and misuse/addiction of mobile phones in a representative sample of first-grade secondary school students of the Province of Palermo, Italy, carrying out educational interventions to promote a proper and conscious use of smartphone. Materials and Methods An anonymous, standardized and previously validated pre-intervention questionnaire consisting of 39 items on general socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes an…
Exercise dependence, eating disorder symptoms and biomarkers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) among male endurance athletes
2019
ObjectivesTo explore associations betweenexercise dependence, eating disorder (ED) symptoms and biomarkers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) among male endurance athletes.MethodsFifty-three healthy well-trained male cyclists, triathletes and long-distance runners recruited from regional competitive sports clubs were included in this cross-sectional study. The protocol comprised the Exercise Dependence Scale (EXDS), the ED Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), measurements of body composition, resting metabolic rate, energy intake and expenditure and blood analysis of hormones and glucose.ResultsParticipants with higher EXDS score displayed a more negative energy balance compared …
Role of serotonin in central dopamine dysfunction
2010
The interaction between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in the brain is a research topic that has raised the interest of many scientists working in the field of neuroscience since the first demonstration of the presence of monoamine-containing neurons in the mid 1960. The bulk of neuroanatomical data available clearly indicate that DA-containing neurons in the brain receive a prominent innervation from serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) originating in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem. Compelling electrophysiological and neurochemical data show that 5-HT can exert complex effects on the activity of midbrain DA neurons mediated by its various receptor subtypes. The m…
A Critical Period for Prefrontal Network Configurations Underlying Psychiatric Disorders and Addiction
2020
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been classically defined as the brain region responsible for higher cognitive functions, including the decision-making process. Ample information has been gathered during the last 40 years in an attempt to understand how it works. We now know extensively about the connectivity of this region and its relationship with neuromodulatory ascending projection areas, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Both areas are well-known regulators of the reward-based decision-making process and hence likely to be involved in processes like evidence integration, impulsivity or addiction biology, but also in helping us to predict…
Eficacia de las técnicas de control de la impulsividad en la prevención de la adicción a videojuegos
2017
The main objective of this research has been the analysis of the effectiveness of some impulsivity control techniques to prevent videogame addiction. It has compared the results obtained with a prevention program that it had been already validated with the same program in which additional impulsiveness control techniques were added. Four periods were selected for the analysis: baseline, pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Two experimental conditions were designed: a) conventional prevention program, and b) program with impulsiveness control techniques. Results were compared with a group control (waiting list). Results indicate that, while groups that remain on waiting list do not present cha…
A discrete mathematical model for addictive buying: Predicting the affected population evolution
2011
This paper deals with the construction of a discrete mathematical model for addictive buying. Firstly, identifications of consumers buying behavior are performed by using multivariate statistical techniques based on real data bases and sociological approaches. Then the population is divided into appropriate groups according to the level of overbuying and a discrete compartmental model is constructed. The future short term addicted population is computed assuming several future economic scenarios. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Controlled delivery of naltrexone by an intraoral device: in vivo study on human subjects.
2013
Naltrexone is widely used in the treatment of opiate addiction but its current peroral administration is characterized by low bioavailability with various side effects. The development of a long-acting transbuccal delivery device (IntelliDrug) for NLX may be useful to improve patient compliance and the therapy effectiveness. The aims of the study are (a) to test basic safety and effectiveness of controlled transbuccal drug delivery on human subjects; (b) to compare NLX bioavailability following transbuccal delivery vs per os conventional delivery; and (c) to test the hypothesis that transbuccal delivery is more efficient than the conventional route. In this randomized cross-over pilot study…
Slow release oral morphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder
2019
ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of slow release oral morphine (SROM) as a treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesThree electronic databases were searched through 1 May 2018: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE. We also searched the following electronic registers for ongoing trials: ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Current Controlled Trials and the EU Clinical Trials Register.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included RCTs of all durations, assessing the effect of SROM on measures of treatment retention, heroin use…
The moderating role of personality in the relationship between temporal perspectives and facebook addiction
2020
In the present paper, we tested the hypothesis that neuroticism moderates the relationship between past-negative or present-fatalistic temporal perspectives and Facebook addiction. A sample of 233 Facebook users (Female: 66%, mean age: 21.4 years) filled self-reports measures of temporal perspective, personality traits, and Facebook Addiction. Results at two moderation models showed that only past-negative significantly predicts Facebook addiction through neuroticism's moderation effect. Individuals with a negative temporal orientation to the past, who are also characterized by a high neuroticism level, were more addicted to Facebook. Peculiar associations between past-negative temporal per…