Search results for "Adolescent"

Cellular Immunity in Adolescents and Adults following Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Administration

2007

ABSTRACT Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to an acellular pertussis vaccine administered to 49 subjects, a subset of participants in the National Institutes of Health-funded adult acellular pertussis vaccine efficacy trial, were evaluated and compared with antibody responses to vaccine antigens. Levels of proliferation of and cytokine secretion from lymphocytes cultured in the presence of pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, or pertactin were measured before vaccination and 1 month and 1 year after vaccination. Statistically significant increases in lymphocyte stimulation indices and cytokine secretion were noted at both 1 month and 1 year after vaccination. Brisk pertussis antig…

Seroprevalence of Aichi Virus in a Spanish Population from 2007 to 2008

2010

ABSTRACT Viruses are among the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis. In recent years, new viruses causing outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis have been described. Among these, Aichi virus was identified in Japan in 1989. Aichi virus belongs to the Kobuvirus genus in the family Picornaviridae . This virus has been detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with oyster consumption and in pediatric stool samples, but little is known about its epidemiology or pathogenesis. In the present study, the prevalence of antibodies to Aichi virus in a Spanish population was determined between 2007 and 2008 by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As in previous studies, a hi…

Recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland-predictive value of cadherin-11 and fascin

2008

The predictive value of cadherin-11, tenascin, fascin, and mucin-1 as markers for the likelihood of recurrence in pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland was examined. In this retrospective study we analysed 20 tumours from16 patients by immunohistochemistry. Staining intensities were measured using a semiquantitative scoring approach; localisation (tumour centre vs border) as well as clinical data were analysed and correlated with follow-up. Cadherin-11 was increased in recurrent tumours. However, no changes of fascin, tenascin or mucin-1 were observed. Cadherin-11 and fascin were increased in primary tumours of patients with later recurrence, with fascin upregulation restricted to the tu…

Randomized Study of Early versus Late Immunization with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

2009

BACKGROUND: Invasive pneumococcal disease is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and at least 20% of cases occur within 1 year after transplantation. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) has limited efficacy, especially during the first year after transplantation. The immune response to the conjugated vaccines is expected to be better than that to the polysaccharide vaccine, but the optimal timing of vaccination is not defined. Our objective was to show that a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7; Prevnar) was not inferior when first given 3 months after transplantation, compared with when first given 9 months after trans…

Safety of Long-Term Oral Posaconazole Use in the Treatment of Refractory Invasive Fungal Infections

2005

Background Invasive fungal infections are found most frequently in immunosuppressed and critically ill hospitalized patients. Antifungal therapy is often required for long periods. Safety data from the clinical development program of the triazole antifungal agent, posaconazole, were analyzed. Methods A total of 428 patients with refractory invasive fungal infections (n = 362) or febrile neutropenia (n = 66) received posaconazole in 2 phase II/III open-label clinical trials. Also, 109 of these patients received posaconazole therapy for > or = 6 months. Incidences of treatment-emergent, treatment-related, and serious adverse events and abnormal laboratory parameters were recorded during these…

Epidemiological and clinical features of norovirus gastroenteritis in outbreaks: a population-based study

2009

AbstractNoroviruses are the most frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis in the community. In Catalonia, it is not clear how this type of viral gastroenteritis is evolving, and the objective of this prospective population-based study was to describe the incidence and epidemiological and clinical features of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis due to norovirus in Catalonia between October 2004 and October 2005. Incidence rates were calculated using the estimated population of Catalonia in 2005. For each outbreak, the mode of transmission, the number of persons affected, demographic variables, clinical presentation, the date and time of onset of symptoms and the duration of symptoms, physician…

Assessment of Analysis of Urinary Pneumococcal Antigen by Immunochromatography for Etiologic Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

2006

ABSTRACT The limitations of conventional microbiologic methods (CMM) for etiologic diagnosis of community pneumococcal pneumonia have made faster diagnostic techniques necessary. Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of the immunochromatography (ICT) technique for detecting urinary Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in the etiologic diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonias (CAP). This was a prospective study on in-patients with CAP in a tertiary hospital conducted from October 2000 to March 2004. Apart from using CMM to reach an etiologic diagnosis, we determined pneumococcal antigen in concentrated urine by ICT. We also determined the urinary pneumococcal antigen (UPA) content in patients…

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in adult-to-adult living related liver transplant patients: a single centre experience

2008

Efficacy of caspofungin and itraconazole as secondary antifungal prophylaxis: analysis of data from a multinational case registry

2009

Patients surviving invasive fungal disease (IFD) and needing further antineoplastic chemotherapy are at high risk of recurrent fungal infection. In the absence of randomised controlled trials in this area, secondary prophylactic regimens are diverse. From 448 patients registered with the Multinational Case Registry of Secondary Antifungal Prophylaxis, we performed an analysis of patients receiving caspofungin (CAS) or itraconazole (ITC). All patients had an underlying haematological malignancy and had been diagnosed with an episode of IFD earlier in their course of treatment. Data collected comprised demographics, underlying disease, first episode of IFD, antifungal prophylaxis, incidence a…

Mycobacterial Infection: A Difficult and Late Diagnosis in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

2004

The Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group conducted a survey to obtain information about the frequency, presentation, and treatment of mycobacterial infection (MBI) in stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients. Among 29 centers, MBI was diagnosed in 0.79% of 1513 allogeneic and 0.23% of 3012 autologous SCT recipients during 1994-1998 a median of 160 days after transplantation. The mean interval between first symptoms and diagnosis was 29 days and was still longer for patients with atypical MBI or recipients of corticosteroid therapy. The prevalence of MBI was highest among those who received matched unrelated or mismatched STCs from related donors. …