Search results for "Adrenergic"
showing 10 items of 433 documents
Activation of alpha-1A adrenoceptors mobilizes calcium from the intracellular stores in myocytes from rat portal vein.
1994
International audience; Intracellular free Ca++ concentration ([Ca++]i) was monitored using the fluorescence from the dye fura-2-acetoxymethylester in single myocytes from rat portal vein. In the presence of oxodipine (a L-type Ca++ channel inhibitor), norepinephrine (10 microM) evoked transient increases in [Ca++]i which were related to release of Ca++ from intracellular stores. The alpha-1 adrenoceptors mediating intracellular Ca++ release and inositol phosphate accumulation were identified by using subtype-selective agonists and antagonists. Pretreatment with chloroethylclonidine had little effect on the norepinephrine-induced increase in [Ca++]i and inositol phosphate accumulation. In c…
Relaxant and antiadrenergic effects of ranolazine in human saphenous vein.
2019
Abstract OBJECTIVES Ranolazine improves vascular function in animal models. We evaluate the effects of ranolazine on vascular function and adrenergic response in human saphenous vein. METHODS Rings from 53 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were mounted in organ baths. Concentration–response curves to ranolazine were constructed in rings precontracted with phenylephrine, endothelin-1, vasopressin, KCl and the thromboxane A2 analogue U-46619. In rings precontracted with phenylephrine, relaxation to ranolazine was tested in the absence and presence of endothelial factors inhibitors, K+ channel blockers and verapamil. The effects of ranolazine on frequency–response and concent…
Anti-muscarinic drugs as preventive treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in children and adults.
2020
Regular physical activity is strongly recommended to prevent chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. On the other hand, vigorous physical training may trigger airway symptoms and bronchoconstriction. The transient airway narrowing occurring because of exercise is named exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Despite management according to guidelines, a significant proportion of patients experiences uncontrolled EIB, which thus represents a relevant unmet medical need. In particular, although prevention and treatment of EIB are effectively based on the use of beta-2 bronchodilator drugs, high heterogeneity in individual responses has been reported. Furthermore, even though beta-…
Healthcare costs of the SATisfaction and adherence to COPD treatment (SAT)study follow-up
2019
Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by recurring exacerbations. We estimated the costs of healthcare resources for COPD management funded by the Italian National Healthcare Service (INHS) for one year. Methods We examined the demographic, clinical, and economic variables at enrolment and follow-up visits (at 6 and 12 months) of COPD patients participating in the SAT study and referred to 20 Italian pulmonary centres with different institutional characteristics. Costs were expressed in Euro (€) 2018. A random effects log-linear panel regression model was performed to predict the average cost per patient. Results Most of the centres were public in…
Future Directions in the Pharmacologic Therapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2005
Current therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fails to alter its relentless progression. This remains a significant challenge and unmet need. A recent advance is the demonstration that treatment with a fixed dose of an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta2-agonist in COPD improves lung function and quality of life, and reduces exacerbation more effectively than either drug alone. Other improvements include the introduction of tiotropium, a once-daily anticholinergic. In advanced clinical development are other once-daily bronchodilators and combinations of anticholinergic drugs and beta2-agonists. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD has led to nove…
Influence of endothelial nitric oxide on neurogenic contraction of human pulmonary arteries.
1995
The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of the endothelium and that of the L-arginine pathway on the contractile responses of isolated human pulmonary arteries to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and noradrenaline. Isometric tension was measured in artery rings obtained from portions of human lung after thoracic surgery for removal of lung carcinoma (18 patients). Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced frequency-dependent contractions of isolated human pulmonary arteries which were abolished by tetrodotoxin, guanethidine and prazosin (all at 10(-6) M). The increases in tension were of greater magnitude in arteries denuded of endothelium. NG-nitro-L-arginine meth…
How pediatricians in Spain manage the first acute wheezing episode in an atopic infant. Results from the TRAP study.
2005
Abstract Background Although the treatment of asthma has been addressed in several guidelines, the management of the first acute wheezing episode in infants has not often been evaluated. We surveyed practicing pediatricians in Spain about the treatment they would provide in a simulated case. Material and methods A random sample of 3000 pediatricians and physicians who normally treated children was surveyed. The questionnaire inquired about how they would treat a first mild-to-moderate wheezing attack in a 5-month-old boy with a personal and family history of allergy. Pediatricians were asked about their professional background. Results A total of 2347 questionnaires were returned with usefu…
Why small particle fixed dose triple therapy? An excursus from COPD pathology to pharmacological treatment evolution
2022
Although bronchodilators are the cornerstone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) therapy, the treatment with a single-agent bronchodilator may not provide adequate symptoms control in COPD. The combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action may be more effective in inducing bronchodilation and preventing exacerbations, with a lower risk of side-effects in comparison with the increase of the dose of a single molecule. Several studies comparing the triple therapy with the association of long-acting ß2 agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/LABA reported improvement of lung function and quality of life. A significant reduc…
Blinded 12-week comparison of once-daily indacaterol and tiotropium in COPD.
2011
Two, once daily (q.d.) inhaled bronchodilators are available for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the β(2)-agonist indacaterol and the anticholinergic tiotropium. This blinded study compared the efficacy of these two agents and assessed their safety and tolerability. Patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomised to treatment with indacaterol 150 μg q.d. (n=797) or tiotropium 18 μg q.d. (n=801) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the two treatments had similar overall effects on "trough" (24 h post-dose) forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Indacaterol-treated patients had greater improvements in transition dyspnoea index (TDI) total score (least squares means 2.0…
Effectiveness and safety of concurrent beta-blockers and inhaled bronchodilators in COPD with cardiovascular comorbidities
2017
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide, in both industrialised and developing countries. Its prevalence is ∼5% in the general population and it is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases; in fact, ∼64% of people suffering from COPD are treated for a concomitant cardiovascular disease and approximately one in three COPD patients die as a consequence of cardiovascular diseases.Inhaled bronchodilators might have adverse cardiovascular effects, including ischaemic events and arrhythmias, and beta-blockers might adversely influence the resp…