Search results for "Adulthood"
showing 10 items of 95 documents
School achievement in adolescence and the risk of mental disorders in early adulthood: a Finnish nationwide register study
2023
AbstractSchool grades in adolescence have been linked to later psychiatric outcomes, but large-scale nationwide studies across the spectrum of mental disorders are scarce. In the present study, we examined the risk of a wide array of mental disorders in adulthood, as well as the risk of comorbidity, associated with school achievement in adolescence. We used population-based cohort data comprising all individuals born in Finland over the period 1980–2000 (N = 1,070,880) who were followed from age 15 or 16 until a diagnosis of mental disorder, emigration, death, or December 2017, whichever came first. Final grade average from comprehensive school was the exposure, and the first diagnosed ment…
Psychologiczne korelaty oceny rodziny u małżonków niepodejmujących ról rodzicielskich w okresie wczesnej dorosłości
2018
The article is a report on our own research concerning how spouses who do not take over parental roles assess their family. The study aimed to search for a relationship between evaluating one’s family and life/marital satisfaction and attitudes towards children among spouses who do not undertake parenting. The study was carried out from a developmental perspective. The research group consisted of 76 married persons in their early adulthood. The participants postponed taking on parental roles for a specifi ed time or declared voluntary childlessness. The analysis showed that signifi cant relationships exist between family assessment and: life satisfaction (in men), marital satisfaction (in w…
The development of work values during the transition to adulthood: A two-country study
2017
Abstract This study addresses the development of work values—the desired characteristics of one's current or future job—during young adulthood. Using two panel studies from Germany ( N = 2506) and Finland ( N = 1326), we investigated (a) mean-level and rank-order change and stability in work values across three biennial waves (age 20/21 to age 25/26); and (b) the influence of stable background characteristics as well as of major transitions in family and work roles on inter-individual differences and intra-individual changes in work values. Latent measurement models with three work value dimensions showed good fit in both countries: extrinsic (importance of job security and material rewar…
A survey of eating styles in eight countries: Examining restrained, emotional, intuitive eating and their correlates
2022
INTRODUCTION: Restrained, emotional and intuitive eating were examined in relation to each other and as correlates of participants' weight status, body image and self-esteem. In some past research, restrained and emotional eating have been associated with higher weight status and poorer mental health, while intuitive eating is more frequently linked to lower weight status and more positive well-being. However, these eating styles have rarely been examined together and never in a large cross-country sample. METHOD: Six-thousand two-hundred and seventy-two (6272) emerging adults (M age = 21.54 years, SD = 3.13) completed scales from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Eating Disorders …
Teenage motherhood and the evaluation of relationships in the family of origin in mothers in their early adulthood
2019
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships in the family of origin in a sample of mothers who had their first child as teenagers (off-time motherhood). We also sought to answer the following question: are there any differences in the evaluation of relationships between mothers who gave birth to their first child in their teens and those who had their first baby during women’s best fertility age (on-time motherhood)? For women, the optimum reproductive age is anywhere between 20 and 30 years of age.Participants and procedureThe study looked at 60 mothers, including 30 off-time mothering and 30 on-time mothering. Two research tools were used in the study: an own s…
Loneliness Mediates the Relationship Between Early Life Stress and Perceived Stress but not Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Functioning
2021
Many authors have proposed that early life stress (ELS) provokes a dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and contributes negatively to the management of stress in adulthood. However, these associations have not always been observed, making it necessary to include new factors that could explain the different results found. In this regard, people with ELS experiences report less social support during adulthood, suggesting that loneliness could be a mediating factor. Thus, our aims were to investigate whether ELS was related to both perceived stress and diurnal HPA axis activity, and whether loneliness mediates these relationships, in a community sample (N=187, 18–55ye…
Theory of mind development from adolescence to adulthood: Testing the two-component model
2020
The ability to infer mental and affective states of others is crucial for social functioning. This ability, denoted as Theory of Mind (ToM), develops rapidly during childhood, yet results on its development across adolescence and into young adulthood are rare. In the present study, we tested the two‐component model, measuring age‐related changes in social‐perceptual and social‐cognitive ToM in a sample of 267 participants between 11 and 25 years of age. Additionally, we measured language, reasoning, and inhibitory control as major covariates. Participants inferred mental states from non‐verbal cues in a social‐perceptual task (Eye Test) and from stories with faux pas in a social‐cognitive t…
Does goal orientation relate to changes in sports club participation from adolescence to early adulthood?
2022
Background Sports club participation begins to decrease in adolescence. There is a lack of knowledge, how sports club participation changes from adolescence to early adulthood in Finland, and how goal orientation influences on it. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine if goal orientation is associated to changes in sports club participation during afore mentioned critical years. Methods The study design is longitudinal. A sample of 366 (140 boys, 226 girls) adolescents were followed from age 15 (year 2014) to age 19 (year 2018). Sports club participation (yes/no) and goal orientation (no competitive goal, sports for hobby or physical development/regional, national or international …
Prosociality and life satisfaction: A daily-diary investigation among Spanish university students
2018
Abstract With a diary study, we tested the positive effect of prosociality on life satisfaction. Fifty-six Spanish undergraduate students (45 females; Mage = 21.08 years) rated their life satisfaction, prosociality, self-esteem, and physical appearance for 5 consecutive days. Multilevel results indicated that within-individual positive deviations in prosociality (i.e., behaving more prosocial than usual) were uniquely and significantly associated with higher life satisfaction on that specific day. Students' self-esteem, physical appearance, and positive daily events were also predictive of life satisfaction. Exploratory analyses revealed that the positive effect of prosociality on life sati…
Are there similar or divergent transitions to adulthood in a Mediterranean context? A cross-national comparison of Italy and Spain
2016
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences and similarities between Italy and Spain in regard to emerging adults’ perceptions of identity status, autonomy, attachment, and life satisfaction. The goal was to verify whether a Mediterranean model of transitions from adolescence to adulthood exists. Three hundred and forty undergraduate students (171 Italians and 169 Spanish) ranging in age from 19 to 22 completed measures of identity status, emotional autonomy, attachment style, and life satisfaction. Multiple correspondence analyses provided a graphic synthesis of results. The results indicate that no common model of young adult development exists in Spain and Italy and that Ita…