Search results for "Adventices"

showing 10 items of 79 documents

Diversité fonctionnelle au sein des communautés de plantes adventices : effet de la rotation et du type de culture

2012

During this internship I investigated the effects of habitats i.e. field margin or the core of the field, and of crop sequences weed taxonomic and functional diversity in arable fields. We selected 75 fields from a database of flora surveys that have been conducted since 2005 in the area of Fénay. In the 75 fieds, the flora was sampled four consecutive years. The indices of Shannon-Weaver, Simpson and Pielou and species richness were selected for taxonomic study, while Rao's quadratic entropy and the community weighted mean (CWM) of the traits in the community were used for the functional study. Four functional traits were selected for the analyses. Our results showed that all studied facto…

[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecologyspecies diversitycommunity of weed[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecologyfunctional diversitycommunauté d’adventices
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Capteurs et images aériennes pour l’évaluation du peuplement de mauvaises herbes

2013

AIRINOV is specialized in use of UAV for precision agriculture. Thanks to a high spatial resolution up to 1.5 cm/pixel in RGB images, discrimination between vegetation (crop row, weed) and soil can be done. Variability can be detected in weed density inside the whole field. The detection of weeds in the inter-row of hoed row crops was tested on RGB images. The methodology developed is based on Hough transform, and is composed of three main steps: image segmentation, soil/vegetation discrimination and crop rows localization. First results are promising but need complementary measures for validation.

[SDE] Environmental Sciences[ INFO.INFO-TS ] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image ProcessingTransformée de Hough[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][ SDV.SA.STA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculturedrone[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]images RGB THR[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture[SDE]Environmental Sciences[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologyadventices
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La régulation des adventices dans les systèmes de culture moins dépendants des herbicides : quels rôles de la fertilisation azotée et des caractérist…

2020

National audience; Is it possible to use nitrogen fertilization for weed control? Use of herbicides and mineral fertilizers must be reduced to make cropping systems more sustainable. These changes could lead to the development of a residual weed flora and an increased competition for resources, including nitrogen, between weeds and crops. This project aims at identifying which fertilization techniques and cultivar traits contribute to the biological regulation of weeds by modulating plant‐plant competition for nitrogen and thus help to reduce herbicide use, using a modelling approach (FLORSYS). The first step of the PhD project aimed at introducing plant‐plant competition for nitrogen into …

[SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDE]Environmental Sciences[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/AgronomySystème de cultureAdventicesFertilisation azotée
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Effet d’une toile de paillage naturelle sur une culture de salade - rendement, etat sanitaire et faune du sol

2019

Le projet de stage c'est déroulé dans le cadre du projet PIA3 "Mulch Catalyse" coordonné par Fabrice L. Martin en partenariat avec l'entreprise "Géochanvre F" dirigé par Frédéric Roure. L'entreprise produits des toiles de paillages en fibres naturelles biodégradables dont l'usage permet, entre autres, de limiter la croissance des plantes adventices des cultures, notamment en maraîchage. Le sujet de stage portait sur l'étude de l'effet de plusieurs types de toiles de paillages sur la vie du sol en condition maraîchères, et de les comparer à un sol nue ou couvert de plastique

[SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDE]Environmental Sciencesfaune du solagoécologieadventicesmaraîchagetoile de paillage
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Dynamique et assemblage des communautés adventices : Approche par modélisation statistique

2011

To develop solutions for a productive and sustainable agriculture, principles, theories, andmethods of ecology may contribute to understand the biological processes governing the agroecosystem.The present case study was based on data collected by a network of observatories of weeds covering the whole of France (‘Biovigilance Flore’) and aimed at establishing forrules governing the assemblage and dynamics of weed communities in fields grown with annual crops. We particularly studied the possible relationships between species within acommunity, as well as the relationships between communities and their environment. Analyses were based on species abundances to take account of their effect on c…

[SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences[ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[ MATH.MATH-GM ] Mathematics [math]/General Mathematics [math.GM][SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]Échelle semi-quantitativeEnnemis des cultures -- Méthodes statistiquesPlantes -- Populations -- Méthodes statistiquesNo english keywordAdventices[MATH.MATH-GM]Mathematics [math]/General Mathematics [math.GM][SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal BiologyDynamique des populations[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciencesPlantes adventicesChaîne de Markov CachéeÉcologie agricole -- Méthodes statistiquesModèle nulAgroécologieProcessus de Markov[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]Assemblage des communautés[SDE]Environmental SciencesStock de grainesBiovigilance
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Peut-on identifier des traits de réponses des adventices au semis direct ?

2013

International audience

[SDE] Environmental Sciences[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]semis direct[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]trait de réponse[SDE]Environmental Sciencesidentificationheracleum sphondylium[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SHS] Humanities and Social SciencesadventicesComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
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Gestion des adventices dans un contexte de réduction des intrants de synthèse

2018

[SDE] Environmental Sciencesbioherbicidenuisibilitébiologie des adventicesharmfulnessherbicide resistance[SDE]Environmental Sciencesweedsweed biologybiocontrôlebiocontroladventicesrésistance aux herbicides
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Caractérisation de la dynamique de l'eau et des intrants à la parcelle: comparaison de dispositifs

2017

Notre système d’agriculture intensif cause une pollution accrue des eaux souterraines par lixiviationdes traitements appliqués sur les parcelles. Notamment l’utilisation des engrais azotés est, depuis 65 ans, enconstante augmentation. Cependant, cet azote rejoint les nappes phréatiques, rendant l’eau impropre à laconsommation. Le diagnostic de cette pollution azotée est donc un enjeu majeur de santé publique et est lié àdes conséquences économiques importantes car une nappe polluée devra être traitée et une autre nappeservira à la consommation, ce qui demande de nouvelles installations. Des instruments ont été créés pourprélever l’eau qui lixivie sous les parcelles agricoles afin d’analyser…

[SDE] Environmental Sciencescomparaisoninstruments de prélèvementnitrates[SDE]Environmental Sciencesessai protection intégrée des cultures (PIC)-adventiceseau du sol
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Le paysage et les pratiques agricoles affectent les carabes régulateurs des adventices, e façon directe ou en modulant la disponibilit´e de leurs res…

2021

National audience; Les carabes sont des agents de lutte biologique importants qui contribuent au service´ecosyst´emique de r´egulation du stock semencier des adventices gr^ace `a la pr´edation desgraines. Pour encourager l’adoption de ce service par les agriculteurs, il est crucial d’´evaluerla contribution des carabes `a cette r´egulation, et de mieux comprendre les d´eterminants deleur pr´esence dans les parcelles. La complexit´e du paysage et l’intensit´e de la gestion agricole peuvent directement affecter les carabes. Cet effet peut ´egalement ^etre indirect, via unemodulation des ressources trophiques disponibles pour les carabes, bien que peu d´ecrit dansla litt´erature.Nous avons ´ev…

[SDE] Environmental Sciencescomplexité du paysageressources trophiquesrégulation[SDE]Environmental Sciencescarabeadventicesstock semenciergestion agricole
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Trait distribution within winter wheat fields can partly be explained by disturbances and competition for resources

2013

International audience; Weed species are not homogeneously distributed into field elements (Cordeau et al. 2012)*.In a field, weed species are mainly competing with the crop and constrained by management practice (i.e.disturbances). In the crop edge, less unfavorable conditions for weed development (i.e.absence of direct crop competition,l ess frequent disturbances could explain the greater diversity of weeds.To understand this observation, a functional approach base dont raits known to respond both to disturbances and to competitive or facilitative interactions can be used.Our assumptions are that(i)the crop edge is likely to all owawi derrange of ecological strategies thus promoting speci…

[SDE] Environmental Sciencesdisturbanceblé d'hiverperturbation[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]winter wheat[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]traits[SDE]Environmental Sciencesweedsfield elementscompétition[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologyadventicescompartiments d'un champ cultivécompetition
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