Search results for "Ageing"

Ageing via sexual perception is a by-product of male adaptive plasticity inDrosophila melanogaster

2021

ABSTRACTSensory perception of environmental cues can dramatically modulate ageing across distant taxa. For example, maleDrosophila melanogasterage faster if they perceive female cues but fail to mate (ageing via sexual perception). This finding has been a breakthrough for our understanding of the mechanisms of ageing, yet we ignore how and why such responses have evolved. Here, we usedD. melanogasterto ask whether ageing via sexual perception may be a by-product of plastic adaptive responses to female cues, and found that while long-term sexual perception leads to reproductive costs, short-term perception increases male lifetime reproductive success in a competitive environment. Simulations…

Healthy and active pre-retirement and retirement ages: elderly inequality in Latvia

2019

Pre-retirement and senior population groups are more affected by activity limitations, unemployment and bad perceived health than population in active ages. Data for Latvia and other EU countries demonstrate a warning situation – socio-economic inequalities among elderly are not diminishing as fast as was expected. The aim of the paper is to analyse healthy and active life in pre-retirement and retirement ages to detect changes and inequalities complying with active ageing and public health. Analysis is based on Population Census and SILC data on national, regional and smaller territorial level. Regression models are used to study causal links and relations between the underlying social and…

Absence of an aging‐related increase in fibre type grouping in athletes and non‐athletes

2020

The ageing‐related loss of muscle mass is thought to be partly attributable to motor neuron loss and motor unit remodelling that result in fibre type grouping. We examined fibre type grouping in 19‐ to 85‐year‐old athletes and non‐athletes and evaluated to which extent any observed grouping is explained by the fibre type composition of the muscle. Since regular physical activity may stimulate reinnervation, we hypothesised that fibre groups are larger in master athletes than in age‐matched non‐athletes. Fibre type grouping was assessed in m. vastus lateralis biopsies from 22 young (19‐27 years) and 35 healthy older (66‐82 years) non‐athletes, and 14 young (20‐29 years), 51 middle‐aged (38‐6…

Sicilian semi- and supercentenarians: identification of age-related T cell immunophenotype to define longevity trait

2023

: The immunophenotype of oldest centenarians, i.e., semi- and supercentenarians, could provide important information about their ability to adapt to factors associated with immune changes, including ageing per se and chronic Cytomegalovirus infection. We investigated, by flow cytometry, variations in percentages and absolute numbers of immune cell subsets, focusing on T cells, and pro-inflammatory parameters in a cohort of 28 women and 26 men (age range 19-110 years). We observed variability in hallmarks of immunosenescence related to age and Cytomegalovirus serological status. The eight oldest centenarians showed the lowest percentages of naïve T cells, due to their age, and the highest pe…

Company values guiding the recruitment of employees with a foreign background

2019

Purpose In this paper, the following research question is addressed: Why do business organisations recruit employees with a foreign background? This was examined in terms of the values that guide organisations and their management. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The study focused on two businesses in Finland that are pioneers in the recruitment of immigrants. A case study approach was adopted. The research data consist of interviews and documentary data. The data were analysed using content analysis in accordance with grounded theory. Findings Companies can act as an enabling force in the integration of immigrants into the local labour market, especially …

Obesity as a predictor of falls among older women

2012

In older people’s falls often lead to hospitalisation and lengthy recovery in health care institutions and this may be conducive to financial strain on health care systems. The propensity or risk of falling rises as the individual gets older and frailer. Fear of falling, previous history of falling, poor mobility, limitations in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), side effects of medications, hazardous environment, poor vision and hearing, poor postural balance and gaits impairment are among the frequent factors that give rise to falls amongst older people. However, studies focused on obesity as a risk factor for falls are rarer. The aim of this study was to find out whether obesity increases…

Proces starzenia się ludności a możliwości kreowania miejsc pracy i nowych kierunków kształcenia na podstawie badania sytuacji osób starszych, któryc…

2016

Proces starzenia się ludności, który z coraz większym nasileniem obserwujemy w Polsce, wywołuje liczne skutki w sferze społecznej i gospodarczej. Rosnący udział osób starszych w społeczeństwie powoduje konieczność zabezpieczenia ich potrzeb, wśród których na pierwszy plan wysuwają się potrzeby zdrowotne, finansowe, potrzeba wsparcia w życiu codziennym oraz kontaktów międzyludzkich. Przeprowadzone przez autorki badania dotyczące sytuacji osób starszych, których dorosłe dzieci przebywają za granicą pokazały, że stopień zaspokojenia poszczególnych potrzeb jest zróżnicowany w zależności od ich rodzaju, a największe deficyty występują w sferze kontaktów międzyludzkich i aktywnego uczestnictwa w …

Aktiivinen elää pidempään : fyysinen aktiivisuus, sydänsairaudet ja kokonaiskuolleisuus iäkkäillä ihmisillä

2015

Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus

2010

Since Looney at al. published their seminal paper a decade ago [1] it has become clear that many of the differences in T cell immunological parameters observed between young and old people are related to the age-associated increasing prevalence of infection with the persistent β-herpesvirus HHV-5 (Cytomegalovirus). Ten years later, studies suggest that hallmark age-associated changes in peripheral blood T cell subset distribution may not occur at all in people who are not infected with this virus [[2]; Derhovanessian et al., in press]. Whether the observed changes are actually caused by CMV is an open question, but very similar, rapid changes observed in uninfected patients receiving CMV-in…

Immunosenescence and lymphomagenesis

2018

Abstract One of the most important determinants of aging-related changes is a complex biological process emerged recently and called “immunosenescence”. Immunosenescence refers to the inability of an aging immune system to produce an appropriate and effective response to challenge. This immune dysregulation may manifest as increased susceptibility to infection, cancer, autoimmune disease, and vaccine failure. At present, the relationship between immunosenescence and lymphoma in elderly patients is not defined in a satisfactory way. This review presents a brief overview of the interplay between aging, cancer and lymphoma, and the key topic of immunosenescence is addressed in the context of t…