Search results for "Aggression"
showing 10 items of 325 documents
Genetic and environmental sources of continuity and change in teacher-rated aggression during early adolescence
2006
Genetic and environmental sources of continuity and change in aggression were studied in a sample of 1,041 twin pairs (364 monozygotic; 348 same-sex dizygotic; and 329 opposite-sex dizygotic) as part of an ongoing, population-based Finnish twin-family study. At ages 12 and 14, the twins' aggression was assessed by their classroom teachers, using a rating form of the Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory. Genetic and environmental sources of continuity and change were studied by fitting a longitudinal bivariate Cholesky decomposition model. Longitudinal model-fitting results indicated that both genetic and environmental factors influenced continuity in aggression during this 2-year peri…
The joint emergence of group competition and within-group cooperation
2015
Abstract Between-group conflict and within-group cooperation can be seen as two sides of the same coin, coevolving in a group-structured population. There is strong support for between-group competition facilitating the evolution of human cooperative tendencies, yet our understanding of how competition arises is less clear. We show that groups of randomly assembled individuals spontaneously engage in costly group competition, and that decisions promoting between-group conflict are associated with high levels of within-group cooperation. Remarkably, when groups were given the possibility to compete against other groups, net earnings for individuals were higher than when groups were not allow…
S08-01 - Cochrane Reviews of Pharmacological and Psychological Interventions for Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
2010
IntroductionASPD has a prevalence of 2-3% in the general population but rates in prison have been reported as 50% to 75%. ASPD is associated with significant psychiatric and medical comorbidity, high offending rates, poor psychosocial adaptation and premature death. Outcomes are poor. There is little consensus regarding the most effective intervention for the condition.Aims and objectivesTo conduct systematic literature reviews to identify randomised controlled trials for either pharmacological or psychological interventions for ASPD.MethodsSystematic literature reviews (Cochrane reviews).ResultsFor the review on psychological interventions only 11 studies could be included with a total of …
Forehead Patch Size Predicts the Outcome of Male–Male Competition in the Pied Flycatcher
2013
Males of many animal species express ornaments that affect their reproduction opportunities through male–male competition or female mate choice. Such ornaments can, for example, inform conspecifics about the fighting ability, condition or territory ownership of the bearer. Pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) males have a conspicuous white forehead patch that varies greatly in size. We examined whether the white forehead patch is an intrasexually selected trait in a Finnish population. We artificially manipulated forehead patch size to represent two naturally occurring extremes and competed males against each other in the presence of a female. Males with a large forehead patch were more agg…
Size-selective harvesting fosters adaptations in mating behavior and reproductive allocation, affecting sexual selection in fish
2019
The role of sexual selection in the context of harvest‐induced evolution is poorly understood. However, elevated and trait‐selective harvesting of wild populations may change sexually selected traits, which in turn can affect mate choice and reproduction. We experimentally evaluated the potential for fisheries‐induced evolution of mating behaviour and reproductive allocation in fish. We used an experimental system of zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines exposed to large, small or random (i.e. control) size‐selective mortality. The large‐harvested line represented a treatment simulating the typical case in fisheries where the largest individuals are preferentially harvested. We used a full factoria…
Attentional bias towards interpersonal aggression in depression – an eye movement study
2020
Depressed individuals exhibit an attentional bias towards mood-congruent stimuli, yet evidence for biased processing of threat-related information in human interaction remains scarce. Here, we tested whether an attentional bias towards interpersonally aggressive pictures over interpersonally neutral pictures could be observed to a greater extent in depressed participants than in control participants. Eye movements were recorded while the participants freely viewed visually matched interpersonally aggressive and neutral pictures, which were presented in pairs. Across the groups, participants spent more time looking at neutral pictures than at aggressive pictures, probably reflecting avoidanc…
Diverse societies are more productive: a lesson from ants
2012
The fitness consequences of animal personalities (also known as behavioural syndromes) have recently been studied in several solitary species. However, the adaptive significance of collective personalities in social insects and especially of behavioural variation among group members remains largely unexplored. Although intracolonial behavioural variation is an important component of division of labour, and as such a key feature for the success of societies, empirical links between behavioural variation and fitness are scarce. We investigated aggression, exploration and brood care behaviour in Temnothorax longispinosus ant colonies. We focused on two distinct aspects: intercolonial variabil…
Prosocial reasoning and emotions in young offenders and non-offenders
2017
Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the cognitive processes (prosocial moral reasoning, perspective taking) and emotional processes (empathic concern, emotional instability, state-trait anger) which interact in predicting aggressive behaviour and prosocial behaviour of adolescents who have committed a crime and those who have not, for the purpose of establishing the predictor variables in both groups. Participants were 440 adolescents, 220 of them young offenders residing in four youth detention centres in Valencia, in which they were serving court sentences (67.3% men and 32.7% women). The other 220 were enrolled in public and private schools within the metropolitan area of Valen…
Ambiente comunitario y actitud hacia la autoridad: relaciones con la calidad de las relaciones familiares y con la agresión hacia los iguales en adol…
2014
El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar las relaciones entre la calidad de las relaciones familiares, la percepción del ambiente comunita-rio y la actitud de los adolescentes hacia la autoridad (policía, profesores) y normas sociales, en la predicción del bienestar subjetivo y un problema conductual de actualidad como es la agresión hacia los iguales. Para poner a prueba estas relaciones múltiples se ha utilizado una muestra de 554 adoles-centes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 16 años. Los datos se recogieron en dos tiempos con un intervalo temporal de 6 me-ses y se analizaron mediante el cálculo de modelos de ecuaciones estructu-rales, incluyendo un análisis …
"Bad romance": Links between psychological and physical aggression and relationship functioning in adolescent couples
2015
Contains fulltext : 150442.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Assortative mating is an important issue in explaining antisocial, aggressive behavior. It is yet unclear, whether the similarity paradigm fully explains frequent displays of aggression in adolescents' romantic relationships. In a sample of 194 romantic partner dyads, differences between female and male partners' reports of aggression (psychological and physical) and different measures of relationship functioning (e.g., jealousy, conflicts, and the affiliative and romantic quality of the relationship) were assessed. A hierarchical cluster analysis identified five distinct subgroups of dyads based on male and female reports …