Search results for "Agreement"
showing 10 items of 244 documents
Using GATS Article II to Resort to Investment Arbitration
2020
It is widely known that links between international investment law and World Trade Organization (WTO) rules—which are part of competition law at the global level—are numerous. But is it possible to use a WTO rule to resort to investment arbitration? This is what a corporation from Luxembourg attempted to do recently as a consequence of a dispute arising from an investment made in the airport sector in Senegal. Since Luxembourg had no investment treaty with the investor’s host state, the claimant sought to establish the jurisdiction of an investment tribunal by combining the most-favoured-nation clause provided in General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) Article II and the investor-stat…
IoT-MAAC: Multiple Attribute Access Control for IoT environments
2020
Access Control is an important security service that should be considered in IoT environments in order to offer reliable IoT services. Access control in IoT environments concerns not only the access of IoT users to IoT services and objects, but also the access of IoT objects to IoT gateways. In this paper, we specify an access control mechanism that considers the access of IoT objects to IoT gateways in order to enhance the reliability of IoT data provided by the IoT objects. Our proposed access control mechanism, called IoT-MAAC (Multi Attribute Access Control), allows retrieving requested data from the most reliable and secured IoT objects among the available objects in the IoT environmen…
Problems and Perspectives of the EU-Ukraine Cooperation in the Area of Tourism in the Process of Implementing the Association Agreement
2017
W artykule przedstawiono specyfikę współpracy między UE a Ukrainą w sferze turystyki w kontekście realizacji polityki turystycznej UE i perspektyw gospodarczych. Omówiono problemy i perspektywy wspólnych działań w sferze turystyki jako jednej z głównych dróg Ukrainy do integracji europejskiej, a także polityczne i prawne aspekty współpracy między UE a Ukrainą w sferze turystyki w ramach realizacji umowy o stowarzyszeniu
Security, QoS and self-management within an end-to-end Cloud Computing environment
2015
Today, Cloud Networking is one of the recent research areas within the Cloud Computing research communities. The main challenges of Cloud Networking concern Quality of Service (QoS) and security guarantee as well as its management in conformance with a corresponding Service Level Agreement (SLA). In this thesis, we propose a framework for resource allocation according to an end-to-end SLA established between a Cloud Service User (CSU) and several Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) within a Cloud Networking environment (Inter-Cloud Broker and Federation architectures). We focus on NaaS and IaaS Cloud services. Then, we propose the self-establishing of several kinds of SLAs and the self-managemen…
Exemplarity measurement and estimation of the level of interjudge agreement for two categories of French red wines
2015
Abstract Exemplarity measurements of wines by at least 20 judges are used to estimate the degree of interjudge (dis)agreement and to tell wines apart into two contrasting extremes. Two sets of French red wines – Pinot noir from Burgundy and Cabernet franc from the Loire Valley – are studied separately but by the same approach. Short-listing criteria are used to collate 40 starting-price and middle-range wines for each set differing a priori in olfactory terms. Wine professionals assess their local wines first orthonasally and then, independently, by global evaluation. A pool of descriptive and inferential statistics indicates there is generally neither complete divergence nor real agreement…
Optimizing and Modeling the drying process of the Natural Gas through the Taguchi method
2018
The aim of this study is to highlight the optimization method of the drying process of natural gas, using the Taguchi method. The natural gas undergoes several stages from its extraction until reaching its end consumer. As the natural gas contains several impurities and a certain quantity of water and vapors, the drying process is very important to obtain a product of high quality. Gas dehydration can be obtained through several methods, the method presented here being the absorption method - by use of a drying station with triglycol. This method is considered to be the most convenient one taking into account the obtained results. Nevertheless, cost reducing is the main objective for compan…
Building a Medical Research Cloud in the EASI-CLOUDS Project
2014
The demand for IT resources is constantly growing in the scientific area. The ability to store and process increasing amounts of data has transformed many research disciplines, like the life-sciences, which now rely on complex data processing and data analytics. Cloud environments are able to integrate and encapsulate possibly distributed resources and allow convenient and on-demand access to the corresponding services, tools, and complete work environments. The European research project EASI-CLOUDS (http://www. easi-clouds.eu) develops a platform for a convenient service delivery with special regard to service integration, monitoring, management, and Service Level Agreement (SLA) negotiati…
Resource Self-management under an SLA within a Cloud Networking Environment
2015
International audience; Today, cloud networking is one of the recent research areas in the cloud computing research communities. The main drawback of cloud networking consists in the lack of Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee and management in conformance with a corresponding Service Level Agreement (SLA). In this paper, we propose a framework for self-establishing an end-to-end SLA between a Cloud Service User (CSU) and several Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) in a cloud networking environment (inter-cloud Broker and Federation architecture). Then, we propose the self-management of cloud resources under the established SLA using specific autonomic cloud managers. We simulate our proposed fra…
TRIPS Agreement: From Minimum Standards to Double Standards of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in North-South Relations
2015
The WTO Trips agreement's basic objective of establishing minimum international standards for IP rights protection is based on a restrictive " one-fits-all " approach that denies the right to enact or not to enact intellectual property rights provisions to developing countries and least developed countries and restrict their ability to effectively adapt national laws to their own socioeconomic environment and development level. Developed countries had widely benefited from this privilege when no minimum binding standards of intellectual property existed in multilateral relations. The Trips agreement stabilizes the strong inequalities in terms of bargaining power between rich and poor countr…
L'accordo in materia di ambiente
2008
Il concetto di «accordo ambientale» copre una vasta area fenomenica di non facile definizione e classificazione che va dall’impegno unilaterale non giuridicamente vincolante preso da un dato settore industriale al fine di realizzare un certo obiettivo di protezione dell’ambiente, ad un vero e proprio contratto tra l’industria e l’autorità pubblica (nazionale o locale) per negoziare e fissare obiettivi di rilievo ambientale e/o modalità per la loro implementazione. L’indagine monografica sull’istituto, svolta con metodo comparitisitico e centrata sulle esperienze europee, è tesa ad illustrare tanto gli aspetti caratterizzanti l’istituto che si articolano in una area di forte ibridità tra dir…