Search results for "Alcohol use"
showing 10 items of 41 documents
Counselling toward reducing alcohol use, knowledge about its morbidity and personal consumption among students of medical and dental courses in north…
2021
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is directly linked to high-risk consumption. Healthcare students have a crucial role to play in its prevention and management. The aim of this study is to analyse alcohol consumption, as well as to consider the knowledge and attitudes regarding morbidity, and the stage of change when providing assistance to quit AUD. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Dentistry and Medical students using specific and validated questionnaires in an anonymous and voluntary way. Initially, 925 students were invited to participate, of them 500 were reached. Results Among them 85.9% suffered from AUD of whom 75% were women (p<0.001), and it was …
The Role of Individual and Relational Characteristics on Alcohol Consumption among Italian Adolescents: A Discriminant Function Analysis
2013
The aim of the present study was to explore the association between family functioning, coping strategies, peer influences and alcohol use among Italian adolescents. Nine hundred and sixty-three Italian adolescents, aged from 14 to 17 years, completed self-report measures assessing alcohol use, family functioning, and coping strategies. According to previous research, adolescents were categorized into non-drinkers, social, binge and heavy drinkers. Results showed that adolescents belonging to groups characterized by alcohol misuse differ in terms of coping strategies, family functioning dimensions, and typology of friends. In particular, heavy drinkers appeared to have more friends who drin…
Prospective associations between alcohol use, binge drinking and sexual activity in older adults: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
2021
The present study aimed to investigate associations between alcohol consumption, including binge drinking, and sexual activity. Data were from 1,622 men and 2,195 women aged ≥50 years participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Multivariable logistic regression was used to prospectively assess sex-specific associations between baseline frequency of alcohol use in the last year or binge drinking in the last week (self-reported in 2004/05) and sexual activity at 8-year follow-up (2012/13). Covariates included partner status, age, ethnicity, wealth, limiting long-standing illness, smoking status, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. After adjustment, regular alcohol consu…
Applications of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Distinct Health Areas
2019
Abstract This chapter provides an updated vision of the contexts in which the psychometric viability of the AUDIT has been evaluated during this century. This has permitted the identification of why, where, and how this screening method, as well as its most well-known abridged version (the AUDIT-C), is being used in different socio-sanitary areas. Throughout the chapter, appropriate recommendations are offered for all professionals wishing to use these instruments, while also pointing out potential future research lines.
Unraveling the relationship of loneliness and isolation in schizophrenia: Polygenic dissection and causal inference
2020
ABSTRACTThere is increasing recognition of the association between loneliness and social isolation (LNL-ISO) with schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrate significant LNL-ISO polygenic score prediction on schizophrenia in an independent case-control sample (N=3,488). We then dissect schizophrenia predisposing variation into subsets of variants based on their effect on LNL-ISO. Genetic variation with concordant effects in both phenotypes show significant SNP-based heritability enrichment, higher polygenic predictive ability in females and positive covariance with other mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity, alcohol use disorder, and autism. Conversely, gene…
Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of alcohol relapse-like drinking: Study in long-term ethanol-experienced male rats
2021
Alcohol use disorders are chronic and highly relapsing disorders, thus alcoholic patients have a high rate of recidivism for drug use even after long periods of abstinence. The literature points to the potential usefulness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the management of several substance use disorders probably due to its capacity to restore brain homeostasis of the glutamate system disrupted in addiction. However, there is little evidence in the case of alcohol. The aim of this study was to explore the potential anti-relapse efficacy of NAC using the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) model in long-term experienced rats. Two experiments were performed in male Wistar rats to: (a) test the effic…
Episodic future thinking together with observational learning benefits prospective memory in high-functioning Korsakoff's syndrome patients
2020
Contains fulltext : 219555.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objective: Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) have difficulty carrying out tasks which rely on prospective memory (PM). Since remembering to carry out an action in the future is crucial for living independently, it is of primary interest to develop strategies that improve PM performance in KS patients. Design: The study employed a computer categorization task as an ongoing activity into which a PM task was embedded. We included episodic future thinking (EFT) and observational learning (Experiment 2) to boost PM. Methods: Experiment 1 evaluated the efficacy of EFT following written PM task instructions in ten KS patient…
People with Alcohol Use Disorders in Specialized Care in Eight Different European Countries
2015
Aim: To provide a description of patients receiving alcohol treatment in eight different European countries, including the level of comorbidities and functional limitations. Methods: Drinking behaviours, DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD), mental and somatic comorbidities, disability and health services utilization of 1767 patients from various specialized treatment settings were assessed as representative for regions of eight European countries. Severity of alcohol dependence (AD) in terms of drinking level was compared with a large representative US sample. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2015, 1–9 doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agv009 Article © The Author 2015. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford Universi…
Drinking motives mediate cultural differences but not gender differences in adolescent alcohol use
2015
Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: To test whether differences in alcohol use between boys and girls and between northern and southern/central Europe are mediated by social, enhancement, coping, and conformity motives. METHODS: Cross-sectional school-based surveys were conducted among 33,813 alcohol-using 11-to 19-year-olds from northern Europe (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Poland, Scotland, and Wales) and southern/central Europe (Belgium, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, and Switzerland). RESULTS: Particularly in late adolescence and early adulthood, boys drank more frequently and were more often drunk than girls. Instead of mediation, gender-specific motive paths were found…
Different versions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as screening instruments for underage binge drinking
2015
BACKGROUND: The changes experienced in recent years in the conceptualization of binge drinking (BD) make it necessary to revise the usefulness of the existing instruments for its detection among minors. The AUDIT and its abbreviated versions have shown their utility in different populations and consumption ranges, but there has been little research into their use in the detection of BD among adolescents. This study tests the capacity of the AUDIT, AUDIT-C and AUDIT-3 to identify BD adolescents, indicating the optimal cut-off points for each sex. METHODS: High school students self-administered the AUDIT and completed a weekly self-report of their alcohol intake. BD is classified into differe…