Search results for "Alcohol"

Drinking pattern matters: effects on maternal care and offspring vulnerability to alcohol in rats

2015

Alcohol drinking during pregnancy and post-partum period is a major concern because of the persistent neurobehavioral deficits in the offspring, which include increased vulnerability to substance abuse (1). The intermittent pattern of alcohol consumption induces higher drinking levels and deeper neurobiological changes in addiction-related brain regions, with respect to traditional free-access paradigms in male rats (2, 3). Nevertheless, no studies investigated on the effects of the drinking pattern on female subjects during pregnancy and perinatal time. To this aim, this study explored the consequences of continuous vs. intermittent drinking pattern on maternal behaviour and on offspring v…

DETECTION, ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATIONS COLLECTED AT EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF THE “GARIBALDI CENTRO” HOSPITAL IN CATANIA

2021

The study we conducted was highlighted the main clinical aspects of voluntary or accidental acute alcohol intoxication. These intoxication were identified over the five-year period between 2015 and 2019, and we evaluated its pharmacological management by statistical analysis of clinical cases detected at the Emergency Department of “Garibaldi Centro” Hospital in Catania. The extrapolated data showed that acute alcohol intoxications are the main reason of access to the Emergency Department (65%) to which drugs (17%), addicted substances (8%), and other substances (caustics, food, gases and vapours, detergents and soaps, benzene and pesticides, 10%). It has been shown that the most commonly u…

Gli effetti dell'Acamprosato sulla rimodulazione della trasmissione glutammatergica eccitatoria ed il suo impiego nel trattamento del craving da alco…

2015

Treatment with acamprosate is a valid tool to complement psychotherapy as it does not cause addiction, abuse or withdrawal of its suspension and does not interfere with other medications that patients often alcoholics must take. To evaluate the effectiveness, our study evaluated the effects of Acamprosate compared to γ-hydroxybutyrate in clinical-physiological and social health in a way indicator of a possible therapeutic success in terms of abstinence from alcohol and social reintegration. A total of 36 patients were observed, of which 5, 4 men and 1 woman at the Drug Addiction Service (Servizio Tossicodipendenze, Ser.T) Alcamo, and 31, 21 men and 10 women at the Ser.T of Palermo. As regar…

Evaluation of neuropeptide Y expression during acetaldehyde withdrawal in rats. Focus on hippocampus and nucleus accumbens

2012

Stress-related neuropeptides are involved in setting up alcohol addiction. Ethanol is able to acutely induce CRH and ACTH release, while cronically a dampered response of the hypothalamus -pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis has been observed. Also neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been shown to modulate ethanol consumption, and its central expression seems inversely correlated to ethanol intake. Recent in vivo and in vitro evidence have highlighted the key role of acetaldehyde (ACD), ethanol first metabolite, as a mediator of the central effects of ethanol, even as modulator of the neuropeptidergic transmission in the rat brain. The aim of this study was to investigate NPY immunoreactivity following a 4-…

DFT investigation of polyalcohols reforming on palladium cluster

2015

Biomass conversion technologies have recently gained high industrial interest for the production of sustainable fuels and fine chemicals; starting feedstocks for these processes are generally complex mixtures of oxygenated compounds, ranging from lignans, carbohydrates and polyalcohols to carboxylic acids [1]. Framed within this scientific context the entire reforming mechanism of two well-known polyols, namely ethylen glycol (C2) and glycerol (C3), on a small Pd cluster was investigated by means of density functional theory. Among the large amount of reaction pathways that can be followed in the reforming of oxygenates, we discuss here only the route that brings to carbon monoxide and hydr…

DA-Phen as a new potential DA-mimetic agent for treatment of alcohol addiction: preclinical in vivo studies

2015

Rewarding and reinforcing properties of alcohol are mediated by activation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system1. This neurosystem is hypofunctional in the addicted brain, even beyond somatic and psychological signs of withdrawal. Boosting strategy on the dopaminergic tone could represent a valid approach to alcohol addiction treatment2. The effects of a new dopamine conjugate3 (2-amino-N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-3-phenyl-propionamide, DA-Phen) on operant behaviour and on withdrawal behaviour, following alcohol deprivation, were evaluated. The concentration of acetaldehyde (ACD), ethanol's first metabolite, as an indirect measure of the possible DA-Phen modulation in alcohol consum…

Heteropolyacids supported on C3N4 and BN: Comparison between catalytic and photocatalytic alcohol dehydration

Autocatalytic Photo-Oxidation of 2-Methoxybenzyl Alcohol and O2 Quenching therein

2014

Facile preparation of CuBi2O4/TiO2 hetero-systems employed for simulated solar-light selective oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol model compound

2023

The selective photocatalytic oxidation of organic substances is today considered one of the green techniques to synthesize important starting materials in different technological applications. This work reports an efficient, simple and cheap strategy for the synthesis of a new photocatalytic CuBi2O4-TiO2 (CBO/TiO2) heterosystem at room temperature. The prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by performing a probe reaction, namely the partial oxidation of 4-me…

Photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes in aqueous suspension of home prepared titanium dioxide: 2. Intrinsic and surface features…

2008

Some intrinsic electronic properties of home prepared (HP) TiO2 catalysts were investigated by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and quasi-Fermi level measurements. These powders were used for carrying out the photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and CO2 in water; the selectivity for aldehyde formation was enhanced by the addition of small amounts of ethanol, a typical hole trap. The values of band gap, valence band and conduction band edges are almost identical for all the HP samples in which anatase phase is predominant, whereas appreciable differences can be noticed for an HP sample containing high amount of rutile phase. A comparative ATR-FTIR study of the HP cataly…