Search results for "Alcohol"

2013

Purpose: To describe the consumption of alcoholic beverages in a German wine area, with special attention to the number of people drinking more than the tolerable upper alcohol intake level (TUAL). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a mailed questionnaire, to investigate the weekly consumption of wine, beer, and spirits during the preceding 12 months in Mainz, the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The analysis included 948 responders aged 20–69 years. Results: A total of 948 respondents, with a mean age of 43.7 years, were included in the analysis. About 85% of the respondents consumed alcoholic beverages, with an average of about 13.5 g alcohol/day. Men dran…

Is there a link between BMI and depressive symptomatology, risky consumption of alcohol and anxious symptomatology? Study in a sample of university s…

2019

BACKGROUND: One of the often-underestimated aspects of obesity is the psychological one. In particular, there is a growing attention to the correlation between obesity and depression among students from all over the world. And also towards the correlation between alcohol abuse and mood disorders. The objective of the study was to examine if the depressive symptomatology, risk of consumption of alcohol and anxiety symptomatology are correlated with obesity/ overweight in a sample of students of the University of Palermo, Italy. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire is structured in four sections. An anonymous online survey was sent to a random students sample enroll…

Different drinking motives, different adverse consequences? Evidence among adolescents from 10 European countries

2017

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: This study, which builds on previous research demonstrating that drinking motives are associated with adverse consequences, investigates the associations between drinking motives and non-alcohol-attributed adverse consequences and disentangles alcohol-related and direct effects. DESIGN AND METHOD: On the basis of a sample of 22 841 alcohol-using 13- to 16-year-olds (50.6% female) from Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovakia, Switzerland and Wales, structural equation models were used to estimate direct and indirect effects. Additionally, differences across countries were tested in a multigroup analysis. RESULTS: The indirect effect (vi…

Counselling toward reducing alcohol use, knowledge about its morbidity and personal consumption among students of medical and dental courses in north…

2021

Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is directly linked to high-risk consumption. Healthcare students have a crucial role to play in its prevention and management. The aim of this study is to analyse alcohol consumption, as well as to consider the knowledge and attitudes regarding morbidity, and the stage of change when providing assistance to quit AUD. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Dentistry and Medical students using specific and validated questionnaires in an anonymous and voluntary way. Initially, 925 students were invited to participate, of them 500 were reached. Results Among them 85.9% suffered from AUD of whom 75% were women (p<0.001), and it was …

Negotiation in Type 2 Diabetes Counseling: From Problem Recognition to Mutual Acceptance During Lifestyle Counseling

2003

Negotiation, an essential communication activity in lifestyle counseling, has rarely been studied at the micro level of interaction. Furthermore, the evidence for interpersonal negotiation to occur in counseling practice is inconclusive. In this study, the authors describe how negotiation focused on lifestyle changes was produced in nurse-patient interaction. The research data, 73 videotaped diabetes counseling situations, were analyzed using conversation analysis. The process of negotiation consisted of recognizing the problems in the patients' health behavior, offering proposals as solutions to the problems, and reaching an agreement on them. Negotiation had characteristics similar to th…

Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties of bis(μ-dialkoxo)-bridged linear trinuclear copper(II) complexes with aminoalcohol ligands: a …

2012

The bis(μ-dialkoxo)-bridged trinuclear copper(II) complexes [Cu(3)(ap)(4)(ClO(4))(2)EtOH] (1), [Cu(3)(ap)(4)(NO(3))(2)] (2), [Cu(3)(ap)(4)Br(2)] (3) and [Cu(3)(ae)(4)(NO(3))(2)] (4) (ae = 2-aminoethanolato and ap = 3-aminopropanolato) have been synthesised via self-assembly from chelating aminoalcohol ligands with the corresponding copper(II) salts. The complexes are characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and variable temperature magnetic measurements. The crystal structures of complexes 1-4 consist of slightly bent linear or linear trinuclear [Cu(3)(aa)(4)](2+) (aa = aminoalcoholato) units to which the perchlorate, nitrate or bromide anions are weakly coordinated. The a…

Trauma in cirrhosis: an indicator of the pattern of alcohol abuse in different societies.

1991

While some morbidities associated with the excessive use of alcohol are related to the total amount of alcohol consumed--cirrhosis being an example--other pathologies, such as trauma and those of psycho-social origin, are mainly related to the frequency of acute alcoholic intoxication rather than to the total amount consumed. The balance between these two types of alcohol-associated morbidities can provide an indication of the relative frequency of intoxication, and thus of the pattern of alcohol abuse in a population. Since trauma is highly associated with acute alcoholic intoxication, the prevalence of bone fractures was determined in cirrhotics in nine countries. The prevalence of rib an…

Liver Fat, Adipose Tissue, and Body Composition Changes After Switching from a Protease Inhibitor or Efavirenz to Raltegravir.

2021

Integrase inhibitors appear to increase body weight, but paradoxically some data indicate that raltegravir (RAL) may decrease liver fat. Our objective was to study the effects of switching from a protease inhibitor (PI) or efavirenz (EFV) to RAL on liver fat, body composition, and metabolic parameters among people living with HIV (PLWH) with high risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We randomized overweight PLWH with signs of metabolic syndrome to switch a PI or EFV to RAL (

Cellular cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease.

2008

We tested lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The following cytotoxicity values were found (mean +/- SEM): alcohol-induced steatosis with or without fibrosis 16.5 +/- 2% (n = 29), alcoholic cirrhosis 28 +/- 4% (n = 13), controls with normal liver histology or minimal changes 6 +/- 2% (n = 11). The differences were statistically significant (both forms of ALD versus controls p less than 0.005). T-cell as well as non-T-cell-enriched lymphocyte fractions showed increased cytotoxicity in ALD. We did not observe a correlation between cellular cytotoxicity and the degree of biochemical or histological alterations within the groups…

DNA damage by peroxynitrite characterized with DNA repair enzymes.

1996

The DNA damage induced by peroxynitrite in isolated bacteriophage PM2 DNA was characterized by means of several repair enzymes with defined substrate specificities. Similar results were obtained with peroxynitrite itself and with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a compound generating the precursors of peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and superoxide. A high number of base modifications sensitive to Fpg protein which, according to HPLC analysis, were mostly 8-hydroxyguanine residues, and half as many single-strand breaks were observed, while the numbers of oxidized pyrimidines (sensitive to endonuclease III) and of sites of base loss (sensitive to exonuclease III or T4 endonuclease V) were relativ…