Search results for "Alcoholism"
showing 10 items of 184 documents
EL alcoholismo en las últimas clasificaciones : clasificación Internacional CIE 10
2000
A punto de partir de una percepción sistémica de las drogodependencias, el autor hace una valoración clínico epidemiológica de la significación social de la más relevante de las drogadicciones y enfatiza el alcoholismo, que valora como la más trascendente adicción de la actualidad y como uno de los mayores problemas de salud en muchos países, desarrollados o no.Comenta algunos criterios operativos para identificar los distintos comportamientos posibles ante el alcohol y posteriormente destacar el significado del alcohol como "droga portera", y hace un intento por transcribir las diferentes categorías diagnósticas del CIE 10 fundamentalmente.Destaca finalmente la categoría "consumo de riesgo…
Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis
2014
Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013. Setting and Participants Catchment areas of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Europe, as follows: 2012: 25 WWTPs in 11 countries (23 cities, total population 11.50 million); 2013: 47 WWTPs in 21 countries (42 cities, total population 24.74 million). Measurements Excretion products of five illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, cannabis) were quantified in wastewater samples using methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrom…
Alcoholismo tipo II, búsqueda de sensaciones y personalidad antisocial : bases neurobiológicas
2000
En el presente trabajo se describen los aspectos fundamentales de la teoría tipológica del alcoholismo de Cloninger, y el apoyo empírico con que cuenta la misma en la investigación actual. A pesar de algunos aspectos críticos que presenta la clasificación de Cloninger, los datos parecen apoyar la existencia de dos tipos básicos de alcoholis¬mo: uno caracterizado por un inicio tardío, menores complicaciones y disfunciones psicológicas, y mejor pronóstico (Tipo I) y otro caracterizado por la presencia de precursores genéticos, inicio más temprano, mayor severidad clínica y peor diagnóstico (Tipo II). Este alcoholismo tipo II presenta una consistente relación con el rasgo de búsqueda de sensac…
"Once a year the dead live for one day": Disease, Death and Decay in Malcolm Lowry's "Under the Volcano"
2018
Fittingly for the major preoccupations of Malcolm Lowry’s Under the Volcano, its action takes place on the Day of the Dead. Yet the carnivalesque, affirmative aspects of the Mexican holiday are hardly depicted in the text. Instead, it is obsessed with the shadow of imminent death emanating from Geoffrey Firmin, the alcoholic protagonist, who, on the macrocosmic scale, represents the apocalypse of the world on the brink of war. References to physical and mental disease, decay and death abound: the Consul’s deteriorating health, paranoid delusions and mental breakdown due to his dipsomania; his and Yvonne’s eventual deaths; Firmin’s alleged involvement in the burning alive of the German offic…
El alcoholismo femenino : una aproximación cualitativa
2000
En este trabajo sobre el alcoholismo femenino se realiza una aproximación a través del estudio cualitativo mediante entrevistas a mujeres alcohólicas e hijas de alcohólicas. Se trata de un estudio piloto que será ampliado con mayor profundidad en una próxima tesis doctoral.Como es conocido por la comunidad científica, el alcoholismo femenino es un fenóme¬no que se caracteriza, entre otros aspectos, por su invisibilidad y ocultamiento durante las fases de desarrollo activo. Ambas facetas dificultan la "penetración" en el fenómeno como objeto de investigación a través de las técnicas de investigación tradicionales (encuesta por cuestionario, etc.); es por ello que se ha optado por la utilizac…
Contribution of parental and school personnel smoking to health risk behaviours among Finnish adolescents.
2009
Abstract Background This study compared parental smoking with school personnel smoking in relation to adolescents' smoking behaviours, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Methods A cross-sectional survey for 24,379 adolescents was linked to a survey for 1946 school employees in 136 Finnish schools in 2004-2005. Surveys included smoking prevalence reported by school staff, adolescents' reports of school staff and parental smoking, adolescents' own smoking behaviours, alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Multilevel analyses were adjusted for individual and school-level confounding factors. Results Parental smoking was associated with all health risk behaviours among both sexes (risk range 1.39 t…
Blood alcohol concentration for monitoring ethanol treatment to prevent alcohol withdrawal in the intensive care unit.
2001
Abstract Objective. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a serious complication during postoperative treatment in chronic alcoholics. Despite prophylactic treatment, AWS occurs in at least 25% of these patients after elective surgery. An established protocol for the prevention of AWS is ethanol administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in ethanol dose and levels between successfully treated patients and those who developed AWS. Design. Prospective, observational study with retrospective post hoc analysis. Setting. Intensive care unit (ICU). Patients. Thirty-two alcohol-dependent patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery after trauma with postoperativ…
Impact of the anatomical location, alcoholism and smoking on the prevalence of advanced oral cancer in Brazil
2018
Background To evaluate the prevalence of oral cancer in Brazil according to the clinical stage, anatomical location, alcoholism and smoking. Material and Methods Data referring to 31,217 cases of oral cancer, from 2000 to 2010, were obtained from the Integrator Module of the Hospital Registry of Cancer. Inconsistent data (“non-classified” cases) was eliminated and 21,160 cases were analyzed. The frequency distribution according to clinical stage, anatomical location, alcoholism and smoking was analyzed descriptively and through a binary logistic regression model (α<0.05). The clinical stage (dependent variable) was dichotomized in early stage (I and II) or advanced stage (III and IV). The y…
Alcohol consumption in Spanish mental health patients vs. working population
2018
Introduction: Alcohol consumption has a high prevalence in society and its chronic consumption is one of the main factors related to health condition in an individual, along with other aspects concerning lifestyle. Regarding the health-disease correlation, it is one of the main determinants of health, from an epidemiological point of view, and has been a traditional object of study from different perspectives and in diverse population groups.Objective: To compare consumption patterns and related variables in two different groups: patients in mental health units and workers in general.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in a population of 1 180 service workers and 304 patients in a …
Pharmacological treatments for opiate and alcohol addiction: A historical perspective of the last 50 years.
2018
Addiction pharmacotherapy aims to prevent drug abstinence symptoms, reduce drug craving and relapse, and normalize physiologic functions disrupted by chronic use of the drug. During the last 50 years, there has been an enormous revolution in pharmacotherapy for drug addiction. From abstinence as practically the only treatment option available, there are now multiple drugs on the market that have proved their efficacy in treating opiate and alcohol disorders. The present review will focus on the pharmacological treatments of the drugs whose consumption most affects individuals and society: alcohol and opiates. We will review the drugs most widely prescribed to prevent relapse and maintain ab…