Search results for "Aldehyde"
showing 10 items of 915 documents
Increased plasma xanthine oxidase activity is related to nuclear factor kappa beta activation and inflammatory markers in familial combined hyperlipi…
2010
Abstract Background and aims Xanthine oxidase (XO) has been described as one of the major enzymes producing free radicals in blood. Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and the progression of atherosclerosis but until now, there is little data about the influence of vascular prooxidant systems and inflammation in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). Our goal was to evaluate whether XO activity was altered in FCH and if it was related to the inflammatory process represented by NFkB, IL-6 and hsCRP, and assessing the correlation between XO activity and insulin resistance (IR). Method and results 40 Non-related subje…
Disinfection by-products effect on swimmers oxidative stress and respiratory damage.
2015
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are generated through the reaction of chlorine with organic and inorganic matter in indoor swimming pools. Different DBPs are present in indoor swimming pools. This study evaluated the effects of different chlorinated formations in oxidative stress and lung damage in 20 swimmers after 40 min of aerobic swimming in 3 indoor pools with different characteristics. Biological samples were collected to measure lung damage (serum-surfactant-associated proteins A and B), oxidative stress parameters (plasma protein carbonylation and malondialdehyde, and whole-blood glutathione oxidation), and swimming exertion values (blood lactate) before and after exercise. Free chl…
Altered oxidative stress in overtrained athletes
2010
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between oxidative stress and overtraining syndrome. Indicators of oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine, and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant status (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) were measured in severely overtrained (two women, five men) and control athletes (five women, five men). Samples were collected from both groups at baseline (i.e. in the overtraining state of overtrained athletes) and after 6 months of recovery, both at rest and immediately after an exercise test to volitional exhaustion. At baseline, overtrained athletes had higher plasma protein carbonyls at rest than controls (mean differ…
Detection of γ‐hydroxybutyric acid‐related acids in blood plasma and urine: Extending the detection window of an exogenous γ‐hydroxybutyric acid inta…
2021
In crimes facilitated by γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) administration, the frequent occurrence of anterograde amnesia of the victims as well as the short detection window and variations of endogenous GHB concentrations complicate obtaining analytical proof of GHB administration. Because elevated endogenous organic acid concentrations have been found in the urine of patients with succinic semialdehyde deficiency (leading to accumulation of GHB in human specimens) and after GHB ingestion, we searched for an alternative way to prove GHB administration via detection of elevated organic acid concentrations in blood plasma and urine. We collected blood and urine samples from narcolepsy patients (n …
Glutathione levels in blood from ataxia telangiectasia patients suggest in vivo adaptive mechanisms to oxidative stress
2007
Objective: To evaluate an in vivo pro-oxidant state in patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT). Methods: A set of oxidative stress endpoints were measured in 9 AT homozygotes, 16 AT heterozygotes (parents) and 83 controls (grouped in age ranges as for patients and parents, respectively). The following analytes were measured: (a) leukocyte 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); (b) blood glutathione (GSSG and GSH); and (c) plasma levels of glyoxal (Glx) and methylglyoxal (MGlx). Results: AT patients displayed a significant decrease in blood GSSG (p=0.012) and in MGlx plasma concentrations (P=0.012). A nonsignificant decrease in the GSSG:GSH ratio (p = 0.1) and a non-significant increase in 8-…
Factors related to the impact of antihypertensive treatment in antioxidant activities and oxidative stress by-products in human hypertension
2004
The objective was to study factors related to the changes induced by antihypertensive treatment on oxidative status, antioxidant activities, and reactive oxygen species by-products in whole blood and mononuclear peripheral cells. Eighty-nine hypertensive patients (mean age 46 years, 46 men, average 24-h blood pressure 139/88 mm Hg, body mass index 29) were included. After 3 months of nonrandomized allocation to antihypertensive treatment (20 nonpharmacologic, 36 beta-blockers, 33 angiotensin receptor blocker), oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was significantly inc…
Different patterns of in vivo pro-oxidant states in a set of cancer- or aging-related genetic diseases
2008
A comparative evaluation is reported of pro-oxidant states in 82 patients with ataxia telangectasia (AT), Bloom syndrome (BS), Down syndrome (DS), Fanconi anemia (FA), Werner syndrome (WS), and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) vs 98 control donors. These disorders display cancer proneness, and/or early aging, and/or other clinical features. The measured analytes were: (a) leukocyte and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), (b) blood glutathione (GSSG and GSH), (c) plasma glyoxal (Glx) and methylglyoxal (MGlx), and (d) some plasma antioxidants [uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA)]. Leukocyte 8-OHdG levels ranked as follows: WS>BS approximately FA approximately XP>DS approximately AT appr…
Altered glutathione system is associated with the presence of distal symmetric peripheral polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetic subjects.
2015
Abstract Distal symmetric peripheral polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes. However, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are multiple and not well understood. The aim of our study was to analyze the oxidative stress levels in circulating mononuclear cells by measuring the glutathione system, malondialdehyde and oxidized-LDL, in 60 type 2 diabetic patients from a well-characterized cohort of 196 type 2 diabetic patients. Using a nested case–control design, we studied 30 type 2 diabetic patients with distal symmetric polyneuropathy and 30 diabetic controls without this complication, according to the Neuropathy Disability Score. We have found that diabetic p…
Age, homocysteine, and oxidative stress: Relation to hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus
2010
Abstract OBJECTIVES: Hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events, which occur more frequently in old age. We evaluated these parameters in relation to age and the presence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-two subjects (female/male: 142/140; 141 were >65 years and 141 were <65 years; mean age 73.9 +/- 6.6 years and 52.5 +/- 8.2 years, respectively) were randomly recruited from those attending our institution. Blood pressure, anthropometric parameters, oxidative stress parameters (reactive oxygen species [ROS] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), and homocysteine levels were evaluated in participants. RESULTS…
Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme values in lymphomonocytes after an oral unsaturated fat load test in familial hypercholesterolemic subjects
2012
Oxidative stress (OS) has been observed in conditions affecting the cardiovascular system. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with an increased risk of premature coronary heart disease. In the postprandial state, circulating lipids and lipoproteins can modulate OS status. Our aim was to study the response of lymphomonocyte OS status and reactive oxygen species by-products after an oral unsaturated fat load test (OFLT) in those with FH and to compare this response with that obtained in normolipidemic, normoglycemic subjects. We studied 12 patients with FH and 20 healthy controls. In both groups, lymphomonocyte, oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, and malondialdehyde were determ…