Search results for "Algorithm"
showing 10 items of 4887 documents
Algorithms for the ROD DSP of the ATLAS Hadronic Tile Calorimeter
2007
In this paper we present the performance of two algorithms currently running in the Tile Calorimeter Read-Out Driver boards for the commissioning of ATLAS. The first algorithm presented is the so called Optimal Filtering. It reconstructs the deposited energy in the Tile Calorimeter and the arrival time of the data. The second algorithm is the MTag which tags low transverse momentum muons that may escape the ATLAS muon spectrometer first level trigger. Comparisons between online (inside the Read-Out Drivers) and offline implementations are done with an agreement around 99% for the reconstruction of the amplitude using the Optimal Filtering algorithm and a coincidende of 93% between the offli…
Mercury$$^\mathrm{\textregistered }$$: A Software Based on Fuzzy Clustering for Computer-Assisted Composition
2019
We present Mercury, a new software for computer-assisted composition based on fuzzy clustering algorithms. This software is able to generate a big number of transitions between any two different melodies, harmonic progressions or rhythmical patterns. Mercury works with symbolic music notation. The software is, therefore, able to read music and to export the generated musical production into MusicXML format. This paper focusses on some theoretical aspects of the CFT algorithm implemented in the software in order to create those complete transitions, overviewing not only the structure of the program but the user’s interface and its music notation module. Finally, the wide variety of compositi…
Knots, Music and DNA
2020
Musical gestures connect the symbolic layer of the score to the physical layer of sound. I focus here on the mathematical theory of musical gestures, and I propose its generalization to include braids and knots. In this way, it is possible to extend the formalism to cover more case studies, especially regarding conducting gestures. Moreover, recent developments involving comparisons and similarities between gestures of orchestral musicians can be contextualized in the frame of braided monoidal categories. Because knots and braids can be applied to both music and biology (they apply to knotted proteins, for example), I end the article with a new musical rendition of DNA.
A Grid Enabled Parallel Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for SPN
2004
This paper presents a combination of a parallel Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a local search methodology for the Steiner Problem in Networks (SPN). Several previous papers have proposed the adoption of GAs and others metaheuristics to solve the SPN demonstrating the validity of their approaches. This work differs from them for two main reasons: the dimension and the features of the networks adopted in the experiments and the aim from which it has been originated. The reason that aimed this work was namely to assess deterministic and computationally inexpensive algorithms which can be used in practical engineering applications, such as the multicast transmission in the Internet. The large dimen…
Experimental Evolution in Viruses
2011
Experiments in which evolution takes place in real time can help us establish cause–effect relationships that are difficult to infer from the analysis of natural populations. The simplicity, rapid evolution and biomedical relevance of viruses make them a particularly interesting model system for experimental evolution. Bacterial, animal and plant viruses can be passaged under a variety of conditions, either in simple cell culture systems or in vivo to test population biology hypotheses, study the genetic basis of evolution, or predict evolutionary change in nature. Experimental evolution is a conceptually simple and flexible tool which allows us to address issues ranging from the molecular …
Temperature dependence of spontaneous mutation rates.
2021
Mutation is the source of genetic variation and the fundament of evolution. Temperature has long been suggested to have a direct impact on realized spontaneous mutation rates. If mutation rates vary in response to environmental conditions, such as the variation of the ambient temperature through space and time, they should no longer be described as species-specific constants. By combining mutation accumulation with whole-genome sequencing in a multicellular organism, we provide empirical support to reject the null hypothesis of a constant, temperature-independent mutation rate. Instead, mutation rates depended on temperature in a U-shaped manner with increasing rates toward both temperature…
Viral Mutation Rates
2010
Accurate estimates of virus mutation rates are important to understand the evolution of the viruses and to combat them. However, methods of estimation are varied and often complex. Here, we critically review over 40 original studies and establish criteria to facilitate comparative analyses. The mutation rates of 23 viruses are presented as substitutions per nucleotide per cell infection (s/n/c) and corrected for selection bias where necessary, using a new statistical method. The resulting rates range from 108 to106 s/n/c for DNA viruses and from 106 to 104 s/n/c for RNA viruses. Similar to what has been shown previously for DNA viruses, there appears to be a negative correlation between mut…
Extremely high mutation rate of a hammerhead viroid
2009
Supporting information (Materials and methods, figs. S1-S3, suppl. references) available at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/323/5919/1308/DC1/1
The cost of replication fidelity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
2006
Mutation rates should be governed by at least three evolutionary factors: the need for beneficial mutations, the benefit of minimizing the mutational load and the cost of replication fidelity. RNA viruses show high mutation rates compared with DNA micro-organisms, and recent findings suggest that the cost of fidelity might play a role in the evolution of increased mutation rates. Here, by analysing previously published data from HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in vitro assays, we show a trade-off between enzymatic accuracy and the maximum rate of polymerization, thus providing a biochemical basis for the fitness cost of fidelity in HIV-1. This trade-off seems to be related to inefficient exten…
Surrogate Data Analysis for Assessing the Significance of the Coherence Function
2004
In cardiovascular variability analysis, the significance of the coupling between two time series is commonly assessed by setting a threshold level in the coherence function. While traditionally used statistical tests consider only the parameters of the adopted estimator, the required zero-coherence level may be affected by some features of the observed series. In this study, three procedures, based on the generation of surrogate series sharing given properties with the original but being structurally uncoupled, were considered: independent identically distributed (IID), Fourier transform (FT), and autoregressive (AR). IID surrogates maintained the distribution of the original series, while …