Search results for "Allocation"
showing 10 items of 538 documents
The Right to Health and Resource Allocation. Who Gets What and Why in the COVID-19 Pandemic
2022
The COVID-19 outbreak has led to a worldwide, substantial increase in the demand for pharmaceuticals, hospital beds, ventilators, and medical supplies. When needs suddenly exceed demand worldwide, resources may quickly become scarce with potential demand, so that strict rationing is the only viable response. Against this backdrop, this chapter scrutinizes the rationales for the prioritization of scarce resources. It questions the essential role and reaches the market concerning resources essential to delivering health care, especially in severe shortages, such as during a global pandemic.
Channel Assembling with Priority-Based Queues in Cognitive Radio Networks: Strategies and Performance Evaluation
2014
[EN] With the implementation of channel assembling (CA) techniques, higher data rate can be achieved for secondary users in multi-channel cognitive radio networks. Recent studies which are based on loss systems show that maximal capacity can be achieved using dynamic CA strategies. However the channel allocation schemes suffer from high blocking and forced termination when primary users become active. In this paper, we propose to introduce queues for secondary users so that those flows that would otherwise be blocked or forcibly terminated could be buffered and possibly served later. More specifically, in a multi-channel network with heterogeneous traffic, two queues are separately allocate…
PHEA-graft-polymethacrylate supramolecular aggregates for protein oral delivery
2013
Abstract Salmon calcitonin (sCT) is characterized by a poor oral availability. A new copolymer, β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-graft-{N-2-ethylene[2-poly(methacrylic acid sodium salt)isobutyrate]}- d , l -aspartamide (PHEA-IB-p(MANa + )), was designed for the oral administration of sCT through the formation of supramolecular aggregates (SAs) based on electrostatic interactions. Several sCT/PHEA-IB-p(MANa + ) weight ratios were characterized by turbidimetry, DLS, zeta potential, and microscopy analysis. After the incubation of sCT/PHEA-IB-p(MANa + ) complex with digestive enzymes, 10% (w/w) of loaded sCT was released in the native form. In vitro investigation was carried out to determine the copol…
A biphasic calcium phosphate coating for potential drug delivery affects early osseointegration of titanium implants.
2016
Background Calcium phosphate (CaP) surface coatings may accelerate osseointegration and serve as a drug delivery system for mineral-binding biomolecules. In a pilot study, the impact of a commercially available, thin CaP coating on early osseous bone remodeling was compared with a modern, subtractive-treated rough surface (SLA-like) in an animal trial. Methods In 16 rabbits, 32 endosseous implants (CaP; n = 16, SLA-like; n = 16) were bilaterally inserted in the proximal tibia after randomization. After 2 and 4 weeks, bone-implant contact (BIC;%) in the cortical (cBIC) and the trabecular bone (sBIC) as well as volume of bone within the screw thread with the highest amount of new-formed bone …
Effects of partial rootzone drying and rootstock vigour on dry matter partitioning of apple trees (Malus domesticacvar Pink Lady)
2011
SUMMARYThe effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) and rootstock vigour on dry matter accumulation and partitioning among leaves, shoots, fruits, frame and roots of apple trees (Malus domesticaBorkh. cvar Pink Lady) were investigated in 2005 near Caltavuturo, in Sicily. In a first field trial, trees on MM.106 rootstock were subjected to: conventional irrigation (CI), maintaining soil moisture above 0·80 of field capacity; PRD irrigation, where alternating sides of the rootzone received 0·50 of the CI irrigation water; and continuous deficit irrigation (DI), where 0·50 of the CI water was equally applied to both sides of the rootzone. In a second trial, trees on M.9 or MM.106 were subjected…
Dry matter accumulation and seasonal partitioning in mature Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. fruiting trees
2014
Aim of this study was to understand the allocation of biomass into different canopy and root components and to measure the stem area index and its partitioning by cladode functionality (age), for fruiting Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) Gialla trees, spaced 6x5 m apart and trained to a globe. The net primary productivity (NPP), calculated taking into account dry weight gain for above-ground vegetative components of OFI trees was 3.6 t C ha –1 . Including the fruit component and 1 st flush current-year cladodes, NPP of above-ground components becomes 12 t ha –1 , equivalent to 5.4 t C ha –1 . Current-year cladodes were the highest C sink (49% of total annual C fixed in the canopy), secondary grow…
EFFECTS OF THIOBENCARB HERBICIDE TO AN ALGA (NANNOCHLORIS OCULATA) AND THE CLADOCERAN (DAPHNIA MAGNA)
2001
Chronic toxicity studies were conducted with an algae (Nannochloris oculata) and the cladoceran (Daphnia magna) to determine their relative sensitivities to the thiocarbamate herbicide thiobencarb (S-4-chlorobenzyl diethylthiocarbamate). Most of the algal populations were initially affected by exposure to the herbicide. Thiobencarb concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/L significantly reduced algal densities after 24-h exposure. The 24-h static EC50 in D. magna was 3.01 mg/L. The sublethal effects of 0.3, 0.37, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/L of thiobencarb concentrations on the survival, reproduction, and growth of D. magna were monitored for 21 days. The parameters used to determined the effect of th…
Tobacco use in the third trimester of pregnancy and its relationship to birth weight. A prospective study in Spain
2015
Abstract Background Few studies have been carried out in Spain examining the use of tobacco amongst expectant mothers and its effect on birth weight. Aims To observe the proportion of expectant mothers who smoke during their pregnancy, and the impact of tobacco consumption on maternal and birth weight. We also aimed to identify the trimester of pregnancy in which tobacco use produced the greatest reduction in birth weight. Methods Prospective observational study in Spain. A random sampling strategy was used to select health centres and participant women. A total of 137 individuals were enrolled in the study. Exposure to tobacco was measured through a self-reported questionnaire. Regressions…
Channel aggregation with guard-band in D-OFDM based CRNs: Modeling and performance evaluation
2016
Channel aggregation (CA) techniques can offer flexible channel allocation and improve overall system performance in multi-channel cognitive radio networks (CRNs). Although many CA techniques have been proposed and studied, the impact of guard-band on CA for channel access has not been addressed in-depth. In this paper, we study the guard-band allocation mechanisms in discontinuous-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (D-OFDM) based CRNs, and investigate the impact of guard-band sharing on SU flows when CA is enabled. Continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) based models have been developed in order to investigate the stochastic behavior of PU and SU flows. Based on our mathematical analysi…
Underlay Device-to-Device Communications on Multiple Channels
2018
Author´s accepted manuscript (postprint). © 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Since the spectral efficiency of wireless communications is already close to its fundamental bounds, a significant increase in spatial efficiency is required to meet future traffic demands. Device-to-device (D2D) communications provide such an increase by allowing nearby u…