Search results for "Alternative hypothesis"

Commentary: Psychological Science's Aversion to the Null

2017

Individual measurements and nested designs in aquaculture experiments: a simulation study

1998

Simple and nested models for analysis of variance (ANOVA) in aquaculture experiments were compared with the help of computer simulations. Simple models for analysing variables that are based on tank means, such as final weight and growth rate, were found to be sensitive to differences in the number of individual observations in each tank. In comparison to nested models that take into account individual measurements, the simple models were found to overestimate the F ratio and increase the risk of committing type I error, i.e., accepting a false alternative hypothesis. Further, nested models permit greater flexibility in experimental design, and allow more economical solutions within a given…

Majority and minority influence, task representation and inductive reasoning

1996

One hundred and fifty-five participants had to solve a set of 2–4–6 like reasoning problems (Wason, 1960), in which they were told which hypothesis a majority (or a minority) proposed, as well as which example was used for the test. In a 2 × 2 design, participants were also told that the problems allowed either one single correct answer or several possible answers. Results show that, when the source is a majority and the problem allows one single answer, most participants adopt the source's hypothesis and use confirmatory testing. On the contrary, it is when the source is a minority and the problem allows several answers that most participants give alternative hypotheses and use disconfirma…

Basing the Analysis of Comparative Bioavailability Trials on an Individualized Statistical Definition of Equivalence

1993

The conventional definition of bioequivalence in terms of population means only, is criticized for lacking relevance to the individual subject. Both approaches to bioequivalence assessment proposed here for avoiding this shortcoming, focus on the probability of an event induced by the response of a randomly selected subject to two formulations of a given active agent. The first approach leads to converting the basic idea underlying the well-known 75-rule into an exact statistical procedure. The second approach is of a parametric nature. It reduces bioequivalence assessment to testing against the alternative hypothesis that the standardized expected value of a Gaussian distribution is contai…

贝叶斯因子及其在JASP中的实现

2018

Statistical inference plays a critical role in modern scientific research, however, the dominant method for statistical inference in science, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), is often misunderstood and misused, which leads to unreproducible findings. To address this issue, researchers propose to adopt the Bayes factor as an alternative to NHST. The Bayes factor is a principled Bayesian tool for model selection and hypothesis testing, and can be interpreted as the strength for both the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis H1 based on the current data. Compared to NHST, the Bayes factor has the following advantages: it quantifies the evidence that the data provide for…