Search results for "Amide"
showing 10 items of 3119 documents
Purification and characterisation of a plasmin-sensitive surface protein of Staphylococcus aureus.
1996
Certain methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains contain a 230-kDa cell-wall protein which is not present on the surface of other staphylococci. The presence of this 230-kDa protein is associated with a negative test result in commercial assays designed to detect fibrinogen-binding proteins and/or protein A on the staphylococcal surface. We have purified and partially characterised the 230-kDa protein from a lysostaphin digest of a non-agglutinating methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain. Partial amino acid sequence data obtained from the purified protein did not reveal any significant similarities to known proteins which indicates that the protein is novel. The 230-kDa protein w…
Dietary acrylamide and incident osteoporotic fractures: an 8-year prospective cohort study
2022
Abstract Background Acrylamide, a component of fried foods, has been associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the relationship between dietary acrylamide and osteoporotic fractures has been explored by a few cross-sectional studies. Aims To investigate if dietary acrylamide is associated with the onset of fractures in North American participants at high risk/having knee osteoarthritis (OA), over 8 years of follow-up. Methods A Cox’s regression analysis, adjusted for baseline confounders was run and the data were reported as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Dietary acrylamide intake was assessed at the baseline using a food frequency questionnaire and…
Effects of ageing on peroxidase activity and localization in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds.
2010
Peroxidase activity was assayed in crude extracts of integument, cotyledons and embryo axis of radish seeds, deteriorated under accelerated ageing conditions. Over five days of ageing, in which germination decreased from 100 to 52%, the enzyme activity in integument was higher than that in other seed parts, increasing in the first days of ageing and then decreasing sharply in extremely aged seeds. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed four peroxidase isoenzymes with MM of 98, 52.5, 32.8 and 29.5 kDa in the embryo axis of unaged seeds, and only the 32.8 and 29.5 kDa MM isoforms in the integument and cotyledons. In these parts of the seed, only the 29.5 kDa MM isoenzyme increased…
Opiate-induced dopamine release is modulated by severity of alcohol dependence: an [(18)F]fallypride positron emission tomography study.
2011
Background Preclinical data implicate the reinforcing effects of alcohol to be mediated by interaction between the opioid and dopamine systems of the brain. Specifically, alcohol-induced release of β-endorphins stimulates μ-opioid receptors (MORs), which is believed to cause dopamine release in the brain reward system. Individual differences in opioid or dopamine neurotransmission have been suggested to be responsible for enhanced liability to abuse alcohol. In the present study, a single dose of the MOR agonist remifentanil was administered in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and healthy control subjects to mimic the β-endorphin-releasing properties of ethanol and to assess the effect…
Cancer relapse under chemotherapy: why TLR2/4 receptor agonists can help.
2007
Liver or lung metastases usually relapse under chemotherapy. Such life-threatening condition urgently needs new, systemic anticancer compounds, with original and efficient mechanisms of action. In B16 melanoma mice treated with cyclophosphamide, D'Agostini et al. [D'Agostini, C., Pica, F., Febbraro, G., Grelli, S., Chiavaroli, C., Garaci, E., 2005. Antitumour effect of OM-174 and Cyclophosphamide on murine B16 melanoma in different experimental conditions. Int. Immunopharmacol. 5, 1205-1212.] recently found that OM-174, a chemically defined Toll-like receptor(TLR)2/4 agonist, reduces tumor progression and prolongs survival. Here we review 149 articles concerning molecular mechanisms of TLR2…
Intraventricular insulin decreases kappa opioid-mediated sucrose intake in rats.
2002
The hormone insulin acts in the central nervous system (CNS) as a regulator of body adiposity and food intake. Recent work from our laboratory has provided evidence that one way by which insulin may decrease food intake is by decreasing the rewarding properties of food. Evidence from others suggests that endogenous opioids may mediate the palatable properties of foods, and insulin may decrease nonfood-related reward via interaction with some CNS kappa opioid systems. In the present study we examined the ability of insulin to interact with exogenous or endogenous kappa opioids to modulate feeding of palatable sucrose pellets by nondeprived rats. Insulin (5 mU intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)…
Behavioral effects of different enriched environments in mice treated with the cholinergic agonist PNU-282987.
2013
Abstract Environmental enrichment is an experimental model in which rodents are housed in complex environments that favor lower levels of anxiety-like behavior. PNU-282987 (PNU) is a α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with beneficial effects on learning though its effects on anxiety are unclear. Our main aim was to carry out a study of its effects in NMRI ( n = 96) mice reared in different environments: environmental enrichment (EE), Marlau™ cages (MC) and standard environment (SE). After a 4-month period, mice received acute treatment of PNU (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board (HB). In the EPM, both EE and MC reared mice showed …
Involvement of tachykinin NK2 receptors in the modulation of spontaneous motility in rat proximal colon.
2000
The role of endogenous tachykinins and the mechanisms whereby they act on NK2 receptors, modulating spontaneous motility, were investigated in rat isolated proximal colon. The mechanical activity was detected as changes in intraluminal pressure. The NK2 receptor antagonist, MEN 10627, produced a concentration-dependent reduction of the contraction amplitude. [beta-Ala8]-neurokinin A(4-10), an NK2 receptor agonist, and [Sar9, Met(O2)11]-Substance P ([Sar9, Met(O2)11]-SP), an NK1 receptor agonist, induced a concentration-dependent contractile response, characterized by an increase in basal tone with superimposed phasic contractions. MEN 10627 antagonized the response to [beta-Ala8]-neurokinin…
Tachykinin NK(2) receptors facilitate acetylcholine release from guinea-pig isolated trachea.
2000
The release of newly synthesised [3H]acetylcholine was evoked by electrical field stimulation (5 Hz, 600 pulses) of epithelium-deprived guinea-pig trachea strips after sensory neuropeptides depletion with 3 microM capsaicin. The selective tachykinin NK(2) receptor agonist [betaAla(8)]neurokinin A-(4-10) increased in a concentration-dependent manner the electrically-induced release of [3H]acetylcholine. The facilitatory effect was antagonised by the selective non-peptide tachykinin NK(2) receptor antagonist, SR 48968 (apparent pK(B) 8.9). The tachykinin NK(1) and NK(3) receptor agonists substance P methyl ester and senktide (both 10 and 100 nM), respectively, did not affect the evoked releas…
Homodimeric murine interleukin-3 agonists indicate that ligand dimerization is important for high-affinity receptor complex formation.
1994
Homodimeric murine interleukin 3 (mIL-3) agonists were generated by intermolecular cystine-bonding. Steady-state binding assays and association kinetics performed at 4 degrees C using these agonists revealed specific binding to both the high- and low-affinity receptor. DSS-mediated crosslinking studies performed at 4 degrees C with agonist concentrations compatible with high-affinity receptor complex formation allowed to detect protein complexes of the alpha chain, the beta chain(s) and the high-affinity receptor complex migrating with apparent molecular weights of 90 kDa, 140 kDa, and above 180 kDa, respectively. In contrast, monomeric mIL-3 was crosslinked to the alpha chain receptor only…