Search results for "Amos"

showing 10 items of 67 documents

Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de la plante parasite orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices

2019

Reducing pesticide use is a major challenge in agriculture and involves developing more sustainable methods that rely on non-chemical cropping techniques and biological regulations according to agroecological principles. Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a root parasitic plant which infects crops and causes dramatic yield losses worldwide. Managing broomrape is complex because it requires combining several cropping techniques whithin a global weed management strategy because broomrape is also able to infect non-parasitic weeds. The aim of this thesis was to stynthetize knowledge on branched broomrape dynamics in agroecosystems and to aggregate it within a mechanistic mod…

[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/AgronomyModèle mécanisteParasitic plant[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/AgronomyMechanistic modelWeed managementSystème de cultureGestion des adventicesAgroécologieAgroecologyPlante parasiteCropping systemPhelipanche ramosa
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Modelling the effects of cropping systems on the dynamics of a parasitic weed, Phelipanche ramosa, in interaction with the non-parasitic weed flora

2010

International audience; The current decrease in herbicide use may increase and diversify weed flora in crops as well as companion bioagressors spreading via weeds. Among these bioagressors is Phelipanche ramosa, a parastic plant which is very harmful on oilseed rape. The objective of the present work was to develop a model (called PHERASYS) of the effects of cropping systems on parasite dynamics, in interaction with non-parasitic weed hosts. The structure of the first model version was based on models developed for other parasitic plants and on FLORSYS which quantifies the effects of cropping systems on non-parasitic weed flora. PHERASYS was parametrized with preliminary values from literat…

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]Brassica napus L[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]Parasitic plant[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal BiologyBroomrape[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal BiologyPhelipanche ramosa L PomelWeedOilseed rapeModelCropping system
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Différences de capacités d’induction de la germination de deux pathovars d’orobanche rameuse sur une gamme d’hôtes des familles des brassicacées et f…

2016

Branched broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) is a holoparasite weed causing significant yield losses on several crops, especially in France on winter oilseed rape fields. The ability to induce germination of seeds of branched broomrape, variable between host species, represent an important information to identify the status of weed species present in the crop (host or non-host). In this study, conducted in in vitro conditions, we focused on two botanical families and two dominant pathovars of branched broomrape in France. We show that the host species is the only important explanatory factor of seed germination rate, the latter being not affected by the pathovar. Among the species stu…

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]log odds ratiotaux de germination"hemp" pathovar[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]pathovar "colza"pathovar "chanvre"germination ratePhelipanche ramosa"oilseed rape" pathovar
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Les semences de la plante parasite orobanche rameuse ont une dormance saisonnière qui varie au niveau intraspécifique et une faible mortalité au champ

2019

L’orobanche rameuse (Phelipanche ramosa) est une plante parasite bioagresseur majeur du colza en France. Les connaissances sur la viabilité et la dormance de ses semences dans le sol sont cruciales pour contrôler l’orobanche mais restent à acquérir. La présente étude vise à quantifier ces processus grâce à une expérience d’enfouissement de semences au champ de deux ans. Deux populations génétiquement distinctes ont été étudiées, collectées sur colza d’hiver et chanvre respectivement. La mortalité des semences est très faible pour les deux populations (4-7% par an). Les semences montrent une dormance saisonnière dont le timing et l’amplitude varient en fonction de la population, avec une dor…

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE] Environmental Sciencesgerminations spontanées[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][SDE]Environmental Sciences[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologylongévité des semencesplante parasiteorobanche rameusedormance saisonnièrePhelipanche ramosa
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Variabilité génétique, d’histoire de vie et d’infection des populations de l’orobanche rameuse en France

2013

L'orobanche rameuse est une Angiosperme holoparasite épirhize qui infecte une large gamme de cultures annuelles. Selon la culture hôte, la durée de son cycle peut varier de 14 semaines (sur tomate/tabac) à 40 semaines (sur colza). Nous avons mené une expérimentation d'infections croisées afin d'évaluer l'intensité et la cinétique d''infection de populations d'orobanche. Deux populations du parasite, P-long collectée sur le colza et P-short collectée sur le tabac, ont été cultivées sur deux cultures (colza et tomate). Après, 4, 8, 12 et 16 semaines de culture, l'intensité d'infection et la distribution des stades de développement de l'orobanche ont été déterminées. Les deux populations d'oro…

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciencesspécificité d’hôte[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]pathovar[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologyinfections croiséesspécificité d'hôteplante parasitePhelipanche ramosa
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Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de l’orobanche rameuse (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) en interaction avec les adventices

2017

EASPEGESTADAGROSUPINRA; L’orobanche rameuse, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, est une plante parasite qui cause d’importantes pertes de rendements dans les cultures, particulièrement en colza en France. Afin de concevoir des stratégies de gestion efficaces du parasite, nous avons modélisé les effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de l’orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les cultures et les adventices dans le modèle PheraSys. PheraSys simule le cycle de vie complet de l’orobanche rameuse, de la dynamique du stock semencier dans le sol à la fructification après développement du parasite sur son hôte.

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]gestion des adventices[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]parasitesystème de culturePhelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomelmodélisation
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L'orobanche rameuse. Une plante parasite dont la variabilité s'avère complexe

2013

EASPEEcolDurGEAPSICT1; National audience; L'orobanche rameuse (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel) est une plante connue pour parasiter préférentiellement la tomate dans les pays du bassin méditerra-néen, le tabac et le chanvre en Europe centrale. Mais le colza semble être un nouvel hôte préférentiel avec une augmentation du nombre de parcelles infectées en Bulgarie, Espagne, France et Italie. Pourquoi cette orobanche inquiète Une expansion massive sur colza En France, on observe une expansion massive de cette espèce dans les parcelles de colza depuis la fin des années 1990.

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]non-hôte facilitateur[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio][SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal BiologySystème de cultureSpécificité d’hôteOrobanche rameusestock semencierPathovarPhelipanche ramosa L Pomel
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Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de l’orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices

2016

Branched broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, is a parasitic plant which causes important yield losses in crops, particularly in winter oilseed rape in France. In order to design efficient pest management strategies, we modelled the effects of cropping systems on branched broomrape dynamics in interaction with weeds and crops in a model called PHERASYS. PHERASYS functions and parameters were based on literature and on our own experiments. The model simulates the complete life-cycle of the parasite, from seed dynamics in the soil to seed production after development on the host. Interactions between the parasite and crops and weeds were characterized at the species level and at the plan…

[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]parasitic plantmodelgestion des adventices[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio][SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]cropping systemplante parasitesystème de culturePhelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomelweed managementmodélisation
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Modelling cropping system effects on branched broomrape dynamics in interaction with weeds

2018

International audience; Branched broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, is a parasitic plant which infects many crop and weed species. As a holoparasite, it entirely relies on host resources to survive and reproduce. It is a major pest in oilseed rape in France. Its management has to be thought as a part of the overall weed management because infected weeds either must be killed to limit crop infection or can be used to stimulate suicidal parasite germinations. In order to design efficient pest management strategies, we modelled the effects of cropping systems on P. ramosa dynamics in interaction with weeds in a model called PHERASYS. PHERASYS functions and parameters were based on the l…

agroecologyparasitic plant[SDE] Environmental Sciencesmodel[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]fungifood and beveragescropping system[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]integrated weed management[SDE]Environmental Sciences[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biologyphelipanche ramosa (L.) pomel
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Cuando la historia está presente: Argumentos a favor de la sociología histórica

2019

Sociology and history have maintained a discontinuous relationship and a permanent discussion. Classical sociology is intrinsically historical, but after the first theoretical synthesis the dialogue between both disciplines was extinguished and it has often been necessary to defend the need for the historical view in sociology from the margins of the dominant paradigm. However, as a specialty or subdiscipline, historical sociology has consolidated its own academic space and a strong theoretical, methodological and conceptual body. In Spain this process of institutionalization has not yet success. In this article we expose a few arguments in defense of historical sociology, both theoretical …

comparative methodnarración1137-7038 8537 Arxius de sociologia 525290 2019 40 7038135 Cuando la historia está presente: Argumentos a favor de la sociología histórica Boxas a specialty or subdisciplineArgumentos a favor de la sociología histórica Box [1137-7038 8537 Arxius de sociologia 525290 2019 40 7038135 Cuando la historia está presente]both theoretical and for the validity of its scientific agenda sociología históricasocial timemétodo comparado:SOCIOLOGÍA [UNESCO]Historical sociologybut after the first theoretical synthesis the dialogue between both disciplines was extinguished and it has often been necessary to defend the need for the historical view in sociology from the margins of the dominant paradigm. HoweverRomero Ramosnarrationhistorical sociology has consolidated its own academic space and a strong theoreticaltiempo sociallarga duraciónUNESCO::SOCIOLOGÍALatorre Catalánlong run 11 19ZiraMartamethodological and conceptual body. In Spain this process of institutionalization has not yet success. In this article we expose a few arguments in defense of historical sociologyHéctor Sociology and history have maintained a discontinuous relationship and a permanent discussion. Classical sociology is intrinsically historical
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