Search results for "Amplification"

showing 10 items of 258 documents

Peripheral neuroblastic tumors with genotype-phenotype discordance: A report from the Children's Oncology Group and the International Neuroblastoma P…

2012

Background Of 4,706 peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNTs) registered on the Children’s Cancer Group and Children’s Oncology Group Neuroblastoma Study between 1989 and 2010, 51 cases (1.1%) had genotype-phenotype discordance characterized by MYCN amplification (indicating poor prognosis) and Favorable Histology (indicating better prognosis).

OncologyPathologymedicine.medical_specialtybusiness.industryCancerHematologymedicine.diseaseNeuroblastic TumorN-Myc Proto-Oncogene ProteinGenotype phenotypePeripheralOncologyNeuroblastomaInternal medicinePediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthMycn amplificationMedicineImmunohistochemistrybusinessneoplasmsPediatric Blood & Cancer
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Emergence of extreme events in fiber-based parametric processes driven by a partially incoherent pump wave

2009

Modulation instability (MI) generated by a picosecond coherent pulse has been recently identified as the key element of the generation of optical rogue-waves in supercontinuum-based systems [1]. Similar rare but highly energetic pulse structures can also appear in non-solitonic configurations such as Raman amplifiers driven by a partially incoherent pump wave propagating in fibres with low group velocity dispersion [2]. Therefore, one may wonder whether optical rogue-like event can also occur in MI-based amplifier because both Raman and parametric amplifiers benefit from a quasi-instantaneous gain. We provide here experimental evidence of rare optical events in a parametric amplifier in pre…

Optical amplifierPhysics[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]Raman amplification[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]business.industryAmplifierNonlinear opticsPhysics::Optics02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesOptical parametric amplifierAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsSupercontinuum010309 opticsModulational instability020210 optoelectronics & photonicsOptics0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringParametric oscillatorbusiness060.2320;060.4370;060.7140;190.3100;190.4410
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Regenerative 40 Gbit/s wavelength converter based on similariton generation.

2005

International audience; We present an all-optical regeneration technique based on spectral filtering of self-similar parabolic pulses (similaritons). In particular, we demonstrate numerically and experimentally that ghost pulses, which occur in the zero bit slots of telecommunication pulse trains, can be effectively suppressed. These results are obtained with a 40 Gbit/s pulse train.

Optical communicationAmplification02 engineering and technology01 natural sciences010309 optics020210 optoelectronics & photonicsOptics0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringOptical-fibersPulse waveSelf-phase modulationPhysicsOptical amplifier[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics][ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]business.industryCross-phase modulationSelf-similar propagationAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPulse (physics)Phase modulationPulse compressionParabolic PulsesbusinessPhase modulationOptics letters
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Simultaneous achievement of polarization attraction and Raman amplification in optical fibers

2004

We present a theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration of the combined effects of polarization attraction and Raman amplification in isotropic optical fibers. The polarization attraction is based on four-wave mixing interaction of counterpropagating waves.

Optical fiberMaterials scienceRaman amplificationbusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsNonlinear opticsPolarization (waves)AttractionMolecular physicslaw.inventionsymbols.namesakeFour-wave mixingOpticslawsymbolsPhysics::Atomic PhysicsbusinessRaman scatteringCircular polarizationNonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications
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Primary glioblastomas with and without EGFR amplification: Relationship to genetic alterations and clinicopathological features

2009

Glioblastomas express a notable heterogeneity in both the histological and cell patterns with glial astrocytic differentiation. Primary glioblastoma, which is the most frequent presentation (90-95%), occurs mainly in older patients and arises de novo, without any clinical or histological evidence of a less malignant precursor lesion. EGFR amplification has been identified as a genetic hallmark of primary glioblastomas and occurs in 40-60% of cases. However, there exist primary glioblastomas without EGFR amplification/overexpression. The purpose of this study was to stabilize the association between cases with and without EGFR gene amplification with clinical and genetic parameters in 45 cas…

Pathologymedicine.medical_specialtyEGFR AmplificationCellGeneral MedicineBiologyTp53 mutationmedicine.diseasePathology and Forensic Medicinemedicine.anatomical_structureOlder patientsCancer researchmedicinebiology.proteinClinicopathological featuresMdm2EGFR Gene AmplificationNeurology (clinical)neoplasmsGlioblastomaNeuropathology
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Exon deletions of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in Italian hyperphenylalaninemics

2009

A consistent finding of many studies describing the spectrum of mutant phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) alleles underlying hyperphenylalaninemia is the impossibility of achieving a 100% mutation ascertainment rate using conventional gene-scanning methods. These methods include denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequencing. In recent years, it has been shown that a significant proportion of undetermined alleles consist of large deletions overlapping one or more exons. These deletions have been difficult to detect in compound heterozygotes using gene-scanning methods due to a masking effect of the non-deleted al…

Phenylalanine hydroxylasePhenylketonuriasDNA Mutational AnalysisClinical Biochemistrygene dosageCompound heterozygosityBiochemistryGene dosageDenaturing high performance liquid chromatographyExonHyperphenylalaninemiaGene FrequencyPhenylketonuriasmedicineHumansMultiplex ligation-dependent probe amplificationMolecular BiologySequence DeletionGeneticsphenylalanine hydroxylase; phenylketonurias; ligase chain reaction; gene deletion; gene dosagebiologygene deletionReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionPhenylalanine HydroxylaseExonsmedicine.diseaseMolecular biologyItalyDisease Progressionbiology.proteinligase chain reactionMolecular MedicineOriginal ArticleExperimental and Molecular Medicine
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Gene amplification in fibroblasts from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients and in X-ray hypersensitive AT-like Chinese hamster mutants.

2001

In search of functions involved in the regulation of gene amplification, and given the relevance of chromosome breakage in initiating the process, we analyzed the gene amplification ability of cells hypersensitive to inducers of DNA double-strand breaks and defective in cell cycle control: two human fibroblast strains derived from patients affected by ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and two hamster mutant cell lines belonging to complementation group XRCC8 of the rodent X-ray-sensitive mutants. These mutants are considered hamster models of AT cells. To measure gene amplification, the frequency and the rate of occurrence of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate resistant cells were determined. In both …

Phosphonoacetic AcidCancer ResearchAntimetabolites AntineoplasticMutantHamstermedicine.disease_causeRadiation ToleranceChinese hamsterCell LineAtaxia TelangiectasiaCricetulusMultienzyme ComplexesCricetinaeGene duplicationmedicineAspartate CarbamoyltransferaseAnimalsHumansDihydroorotaseMutationAspartic AcidbiologyX-RaysGenetic Complementation TestGene AmplificationGeneral MedicineCell cycleFibroblastsmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationMolecular biologyDrug Resistance NeoplasmAtaxia-telangiectasiaMutationCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)Chromosome breakageCarcinogenesis
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On the maximum magnetic field amplification by the magnetorotational instability in core-collapse supernovae

2016

Whether the magnetorotational instability (MRI) can amplify initially weak magnetic fields to dynamically relevant strengths in core collapse supernovae is still a matter of active scientific debate. Recent numerical studies have shown that the first phase of MRI growth dominated by channel flows is terminated by parasitic instabilities of the Kelvin-Helmholtz type that disrupt MRI channel flows and quench further magnetic field growth. However, it remains to be prop- erly assessed by what factor the initial magnetic field can be amplified and how it depends on the initial field strength and the amplitude of the perturbations. Different termination criteria leading to different estimates of…

PhysicsField (physics)FOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and AstrophysicsField strengthAstrophysicsMechanicsAmplification factor01 natural sciencesMagnetic fieldAmplitudeAstrophysics - Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSpace and Planetary ScienceMagnetorotational instability0103 physical sciencesMagnetohydrodynamics010306 general physics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsSolar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)Dynamo
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OPCPA using beams shaped by diffractive optical elements

2011

Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) is becoming a widely accepted technique for the generation of high energy ultrashort laser pulses. Flat-top spatial profile pump beams can improve the efficiency of OPCPA, however such beams can be energetically costly to generate and are difficult to implement for low pump energy systems. An elegant and efficient solution to the generation of flat-top spatial profiles is the use of a diffractive optical element (DOE), however these devices distort the geometric phase of the pulses, possibly making them unsuitable for phase coherent interactions such as OPCPA.

PhysicsOptical pumpingChirped pulse amplificationUltrashort laserHigh energyOpticsGeometric phasebusiness.industryPhase (waves)Physics::OpticsbusinessEnergy (signal processing)Parametric statistics2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)
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Nonadiabatic quantum search algorithms

2007

7 pages, 4 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 03.67.Lx, 05.45.Mt, 72.15.Rn.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000251326400049.-- ArXiv pre-print available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1139

PhysicsQuantum PhysicsFOS: Physical sciences[PACS] Semiclassical methods in quantum chaosAdiabatic quantum computationAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsQuantum chaosCromodinàmica quànticaAmplitude amplificationSearch algorithm[PACS] Localization effects (metals/alloys) including Anderson or weak localizationGrover's algorithmQuantum algorithmCamps Teoria quàntica deQuantum informationQuantum Physics (quant-ph)AlgorithmQuantum computer[PACS] Quantum computation
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